Akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi i-tortoise yomhlaba, ejwayele futhi ejwayelekile njengesilwane, ifakwe ohlwini eNcwadini Ebomvu. Ukuba ngumnikazi wendabuko engavamile emzimbeni we-reptile Asia Central kuyinto enesibopho kakhulu. Udinga ukwazi okuningi ngokushiya nokulungiswa okufanele, ukudla okunomsoco nezinye izinto. Iziphambeko zabanikazi abaningi bezinhlanzi ziphela ngokudabukisayo.
Izinhlobo ze-tortoises zomhlaba
Ngokuvamile, lapho ukhuluma ngezibhamu zomhlaba, umuntu kufanele agcine engqondweni hhayi kuphela kuphela egcwele kakhulu emakhaya ethu, ase-Asia Ephakathi. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingu-37-abameleli balo mndeni. Iningi labo - izakhamuzi zase-Afrika. Okujwayelekile kunazo zonke izitshalo zomhlaba, izinhlobo ezivamile eziye zahlala njengezilwane ezifuywayo zilandelayo:
- I-tortle yaseMedithera. I-Small (kufika ku-28 cm), enegobolondo elinamandla elinamandla, izihlangu ezenza iphethini eliyinkimbinkimbi ngezindandatho ezingavamile, ezimnyama ngasemaphethelweni angaphandle. Okuthandayo ukudla okutshalayo, ngokwemvelo kusiza ngezikhathi ezithile kudla izimbongolo zomhlaba kanye nemisinki. Ngesikhathi esemncane, izinhlanzi ezinjalo cishe azihlali ekhaya, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uthathe abantu abadala.
- I-Carbon (i-red-legged). Ubude obude buyi-55 cm. Uma ugcina indlu yakhe, ithala elingenalutho elinesihlabathi kanye nokugeza okungajulile kwezinqubo zamanzi kuyadingeka. I-tortoise yalezi zinhlobo i-omnivorous - idla izithelo, imifino, inkukhu noma inyama yenkomo. Izimo ezikhethekile - izinga lokushisa lomoya (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-27 ° С) kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
- Ijubane lezwe lezwe. Ikhula kuze kube ngu-60 cm ubude. Igobolondo lalo liluhlaza obuncane, nezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Uma uhlala ekhaya, udinga ukondla utshani obunotshani kuphela, noma ngabe yikuphi ukunikeza izithelo nemifino enomsoco. I-terrarium kumele ifakwe ibheji lokufakelwa kanye nesibani sokushisa.
- Iphunga elimnandi. Enye yezingulube ezinhle kakhulu. Kubanzi (kufika ku-40 cm), negobolondo eliphakeme eliphakeme, ama-flap awo amnyama noma amnyama afakwe ne-patch ephuzi efana nenkanyezi enezintaba ezihlukahlukene. Zondla izivunguvungu ezinjalo nezitshalo zokudla - amahlumela nezinxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo.
- I-turtle yase-Asia Ephakathi. Sonke siyaziwa kahle, ngegobolondo elincane lombala obala obala ophuzi onamabala amnyama. Lezi zinhlanzi zikhula kuze kube ngu-20 cm ubude (abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane). Ngokwemvelo, ziwela emgodini kabili ngonyaka, ekhaya, kungcono ukugwema lesi simo, ubanikeze ukudla okwanele futhi bafudumele emoyeni kubo ngo-25-28 ° C.
Indlela yokugcina i-tortoise yomhlaba?
Iphutha lomhlaba ekhaya lidinga isimo sengqondo sokuzibophezela ezimweni zokuboshwa. Abaningi bayalikhulula ngephutha "ngesinkwa samahhala" kuyo yonke indlu. Lokhu kuyiphutha ngokuyisisekelo futhi akumukeleki. Okokuqala, ungayisebenzisa futhi ubangele ukulimala. Okwesibili, i-turtle kumele ikhuphukele ekhoneni elimnyama, ifakwe lapho ngothuli, okuzolimaza kakhulu amaphaphu akho. Okwesithathu, uma ungamtholi indawo yokuhlala, uzohlala lapho elambile. Okwesine, phansi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhamba, futhi ama-turtles adinga isimo sezulu esifudumele nesimanzi. Ngakho-ke, udinga indlu yakhe - terrarium.
I-Terrarium ye-tortoise yomhlaba
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane, izikhukhula zezindiza zasemhlabeni kufanele zivuleke ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile, kufanele sibe nesisekelo somhlabathi, amagravel, utshani, u-sawdust obanzi obukhulu obuyi-5-7 cm. Njengoba ama-turtles ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo emvelweni, izinga lokushisa I-air esitelekeni akufanele iwele ngaphansi kwe-25 ° C. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ube nereyi elingenalutho e-terrarium ngamanzi, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi i-tortoise yomhlaba ingenza izinqubo zamanzi.
Indlu ye-tortoise
Njengoba ama-turtles elala kakhulu ngosuku futhi ekhetha izindawo ezimnyama futhi ezifihliwe kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuzakhela into efana nendlu. Kungaba ummbila we-flower oguquguqukayo owehlukaniswe, ibhokisi lezinkuni elibekwa phansi-up noma ngisho nekhadibhodi elinyathelisiwe lifakwe ngendlela yokukhosela. Okunconywe okungcono kunikezwa ezintweni ezingasuswa, ngoba okuqukethwe kwe-tortoise yomhlaba kuhlanganisa ukulawula njalo ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yayo.
Isibani sesiphoko
Ngaphansi kwe-terrarium, isibani sokukhanyisa nokushisa ngamandla angaphezu kwama-watts angama-60, nesibani se-fluorescent ukuthola i-ultraviolet edingekayo, kufanele ivuliwe. Kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kulesibani se-ultraviolet udinga ukufaka endaweni entsha. Ukugcinwa kwezibani zomhlaba ngaphandle kwezibani kungabangela izinkinga impilo yezilwane. I-ultraviolet iyadingeka ukuze kufakwe i-calcium negobolondo elinzima, futhi isibani esivamile sisetshenziselwa ukufudumala emoyeni ekushiseni okufunayo.
Ukunakekela i-tortoise yomhlaba
Noma yisiphi isibhamu somhlaba sidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, okuhlanganisa ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kwekhaya lakhe, ngokwayo, ukuqinisekisa indlela efanele yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kanjani ukunakekela i-tortoise yomhlaba:
- njalo futhi udla ngokudla ngokuhambisana nokudla okuvamile;
- ukugeza emanzini afudumele njalo ngesonto - kunika izintambo zasemhlabeni injabulo enkulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa ukondla kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamathumbu;
- ukunakekela izinhlanzi - ekuthunjweni abanaso isikhathi sokugaya njengoba bekhula, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzinquma ngezikhathi ezithile nge-claw ekhethekile;
- ukuhamba emoyeni omusha - ezinsukwini ezifudumele nezibandayo kuyasiza kakhulu ukunikeza i-turtle ithuba lokuhamba emoyeni ovulekile, okuwukuphela kokubukela ukuthi akudingeki kungaphazanyiswa, ngoba kubonakala kungabonakali ekujuleni kwamagilebhisi kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Yini ongayidla isiphuphu?
Umbuzo wemvelo wesiphambano sokuqala - yini okufanele ukondle isihluthulelo ekhaya? Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko yisitshalo sokudla - amajikijolo, izithelo, imifino, utshani. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukubondla ingxube yezithako ezahlukene - ngakho ukudla kwabo kuzoba okuhlukahlukene futhi kulinganiswe. Ungakwazi ukubeka ukudla e-flat saucer, into eyinhloko iwukuba i-turtle ikhululeke ngayo. Imenyu yezithelo nemifino ehlobo futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nge-clover, i-dandelions, i-sorrel, i-oats ehlumekile, amaqabunga e-pea.
Amavithamini wezingulube zasemhlabeni
I-vitamin-mineral supplements iyinto efiselekayo ekudleni kwezibani zomhlaba ezigcinwe ekhaya. Njengoba izithasiselo zamaminerali zingenza i-carbonate, i-bone meal, i-eggshell yomhlabathi, i-glycerophosphate. Udinga ukubanika ngesilinganiso sika-100 mg ngesisindo esisodwa segciwane lesilwane. Ngokuqondene namavithamini, i-turtle yasekhaya yase-Central Asia idinga imithombo yemvelo yamavithamini A, B12 no-D3. Ungamniki amalungiselelo amafutha ne-vitamin D2. Kumele athole konke akudingayo ekudleni.
Indlela yokunquma ubulili be-tortoise?
Kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ngokunembile ubulili be-turtle ngenkathi sekuyiminyaka eyi-1.5-2 ubudala, okungukuthi, kwakukhona ukuvuthwa. Nazi ezinye zezici ezihlukile lapho umuntu angahlulela khona ubulili besidlovu:
- Claws. Emadodeni kukhona abanzi futhi abanzi kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukulungisa umzimba wabo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa. I-claws yabesifazane iyifushane futhi i-dumber.
- Shell. Emadodeni, ingxenye engezansi - i-plastron - inomumo we-concave, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinqunqeni zabo baye bahluma (ukukhula kwesikhumba). Konke lokhu kungenxa yesidingo sokuhlala ku-wesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukuma kwegobolondo kubuye kuhluke nakakhulu: kwabesifazane kuhlotshanisiwe, kumabesilisa kunzima.
- Umsila. Ingxube yokuzala izithuthuthu ikhona emsila. Indoda inkulu, iningi esisekelweni, kanti insikazi inomsila omfushane nomncane.
- Ubukhulu besilwane. I-tortle yomhlaba ekhaya inqunywa ubulili futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Imvelo idale owesifazane omkhulu, ngoba udinga ukuzala inzalo. Lapho i-aquarium ikhiwa abantu abaningana cishe cishe ubudala, lo mmahluko uyabonakala.
- Umbala wamehlo. Amantombazane anamehlo aphuzi, abesilisa banamehlo aluhlaza.
Izifo zomfula
I-tortle yomhlaba ekhaya ingabhekana nezifo ezivamile:
- Ama-rickets. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwevithamini D3 kanye ne-ultraviolet, izivunguvungu zivame ukuqala ukuthobisa, bese igobolondo ikhubazekile. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, udinga ukuvuselela ukudla kwayo futhi uthenge isibani se-UV somhlaba. Ama-rickets aqhubekayo adinga ukujozwa kwe-calcium yezilwane, kanti namanje ukugoba kwegobolondo kuhlala kungenakuphika.
- Ukufutheka, ukugxuma, ukuvuvukala kwamehlo kuyisibonakaliso sokuntuleka kwevithamini A. Uma ubona lesi simo, hlambulula endaweni yangakini ngesisombululo se-chamomile, ukuvuza amaconsi we-Albucide noma i-Sofrax. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungiselelo e-multivitamin ayadingeka.
- Ukunqotshwa kwama-parasites. U-Glistov uphonswa yi-albendazole yezidakamizwa zezilwane.
- Amakhaza, isibhamu. Kubonakala njengekhala eligijima nokuphefumula. Izitho zangasese ziba ziphaphathekile, zimbozwe ezimhlophe, i-foam, i-sali iyaba ne-viscous. Izifo ezinjalo ziphathwa ngama-antibiotics.