Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) ziyizifo eziningi ezihlanganiswe yisimiso sokusakaza. Lezi zihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezifo ze-venereal, isikhumba nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Uma bekukholelwa ngaphambili ukuthi inkinga enjalo ingabuka kuphela kumuntu oziphethe kabi oholela ekuziphatheni kobulili obuyingozi, khona-ke namuhla usongelo lokutheleleka ngama-STD alandela cishe wonke umuntu.
Ama-STD kubantu besifazane uma uxhumano olungapheli nodokotela kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningana, njengokuthi:
- i-dysbacteriosis ye-vagin;
- ukuvinjelwa kwamatayipi okulala;
- i-endometritis;
- i-colpitis;
- ukulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu;
- ukungabi namuntu;
- ukwephulwa kwesistimu yezocansi;
- ukukhishwa okungathandeki;
- ubuhlungu ku-appendages.
Izinhlobo ze-STD
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-STD ziyi:
- izifo zesikhumba, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-scabies, i-pubic pediculosis, i-molluscum contagiosum);
- izifo ze-venereal;
- izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (isibindi C, isibindi B, i-AIDS, giardiasis).
Izinhlobo ze-STD zendawo zingaphinde zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: eziyingqayizivele futhi ezisha.
Izifo zesigaba samasiko zihlanganisa:
- i-syphilis;
- venereal lymphogranulomatosis;
- i-gonorrhea;
- i-granuloma ye-venereal;
- i-chancre esithambile.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemithi nokwakhiwa kwemithi emisha ephumelelayo, inani labantu abafelwa yizifo eziye lahla kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yezindlela zesimanje zokuxilonga, kwakungenakwenzeka nje ukukhomba inkinga ekuqaleni, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalo, kodwa nokuthola nokuhlola izifo ezingakaziwa ngaphambili.
Izifo ezintsha ze-venereal zifaka:
- i-chlamydia;
- i-mycoplasmosis;
- ureaplasmosis;
- i-urethritis engapheli;
- i-trichomoniasis;
- i-cytomegalovirus;
- ama-warts omzimba;
- gardnerellez;
- i-herpes yesisu;
- candidiasis.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezingenhla ze-STD zinamandla okugeleza cishe ngokungafani, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kubangele
Ungathola kanjani i-STD? Izifo zalolu hlobo zingadluliselwa ngesikhathi sokulala ngokobulili okungavimbelwe. Ukutheleleka kuyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni wesifazane, njengokungavamile, ubulili bobulili, nesilwane noma ngomlomo. Uma kwenzeka ulala ocansini ngaphandle kwekhambi (ikhondomu) futhi awuqiniseki ukuthi umlingani wakho wezocansi unempilo kangakanani, hamba ngokuhlolwa ngokushesha!
I-STD inabesifazane kanjani?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala ocansini kaningi kangakanani, futhi kaningi kangakanani ushintshe abalingani bobulili. Ngisho noma ungumsekeli oqinile wombono wokuthi ubulili nje yindlela yokuzala, usadinga ukwazi ukuthi ubonisa kanjani ama-STD.
Izimpawu ze-STD kwabesifazane:
- ukubomvu kwezidalwa zobulili;
- ama-warts nezilonda ku-anus nezitho zangasese;
- ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kocansi;
- ukukhishwa okungaqondakali kusuka ezithombeni zobulili;
- itching endaweni yangasese.
Izimpawu zama-STD kubantu besifazane ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakali futhi zingakhazi, ngezinye izikhathi azidala ukukhathazeka okukhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi isiguli esinegciwane asihlali siqaphele ukuthi lokhu noma leso sifo sikhula futhi siphumelele kuyo. Uma ngabe kukhona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla ezibonwayo, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukuthola okwesikhashana le nkinga kunomthelela ekunciphiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwayo empandeni.
Ukuxilongwa kwama-STD
Ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi cishe zonke izakhamizi ezinhlanu zezwe lethu zinezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kuze kube yimanje, kubalulekile ukuhlola ama-STD kunoma ubani. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuthola izifo ezinjalo, xhumana nanoma imiphi imitholampilo ekhethekile. Lapho ungafunda mayelana nokuthi ungabheka kanjani ama-STD, lapho futhi ngaphansi kweziphi izimo kungcono ukuhlolwa futhi udokotela okufanele ahlangane naye uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi izifo.
Ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa kwe-STD kuhilela izindlela ezimbili zokucwaninga: i-enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) ne-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
I-ELISA inquma ukutholakala kwe-immunoglobulins IgG ne-IgM, kanye ne-hepatitis B antigen-HBsAg kule serum. Ukuthola i-IgM kubonisa ukutheleleka kwamuva emzimbeni, kodwa ukuhlushwa kwe-IgG kulinganiselwa ukuthi kusetshenziswa indlela yokulinganisa. Uma umzimba unamandla ngokwengeziwe ekubhekaneni nokusungulwa kwempahla yangaphandle, izinga eliphezulu lama-antibodies kuwo.
I-PCR ikhuthaza ukutholakala kwe-DNA ye-ejenti esithathelwanayo esivivinyweni sokuhlolwa esivela ku-urethra, noma ngabe ukutholakala kwayo akubalulekile. Ukuhlaziya ama-STD kubantu besifazane, usebenzisa indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-PCR, kuyindlela edingekayo hhayi kuphela uma izimpawu zivela, kodwa futhi uma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Ukuthembela empilweni yakho kukunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwengane.
Kukhona futhi olunye ucwaningo lwe-STD, okuyinto ejwayelekile yegolide yokuxilongwa - kuyindlela yokwelapha. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola i-ureaplasmosis ne-mycoplasmosis emzimbeni wesifazane, lapho kudingeka khona ukunquma ukuzwela kwemithi elwa namagciwane.
Ukwelashwa kwama-STD
Ukwelashwa kwe-STD kwabesifazane kuvame ukuhilela ukuthatha izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial ngokuhambisana ne-immunomodulatory therapy. Uma lesi sifo saziwa esiteji sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezivamile kungaphezu kokwanele. Kodwa-ke, uma ukutheleleka kuye kwakha futhi kunenkinga enkulu, udokotela angakunikeza ukwelashwa kwesibili ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezandisa umphumela wama-antibiotic futhi zinciphise imiphumela yabo yecala.
Ukuvimbela ama-STD
Ngenxa yokuthi ukungabi khona kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-STD ukutheleleka akuqinisekisi ukuthi kukhona ukungabi khona kwayo, kunconywa ukuthi kulandelwe imithetho eminingi yokuvimbela ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinjalo.
Ukuvimbela ama-STD kuhlanganisa:
- ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nocansi;
- ukuqeda ukulala ngokocansi okungahleliwe ngangokunokwenzeka;
- ukugcina ubungane obuseduze;
- ukuxilongwa njalo ngezinhloso zokuvimbela.
Uma ungathintana naye ngokocansi nomngani wakho wengozi, hamba kudokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwelashwa ngokwemithi kwama-STD, okhethwe ochwepheshe, kuzokusiza ugweme ingozi yokutheleleka.
Naphezu kokuthi namuhla kunezindlela eziningi zokuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, akekho noyedwa ongakwazi ukukunika isiqinisekiso sokuvikela, ngakho-ke qaphela futhi uma kukhona izimpawu zokungabaza, xhumana nodokotela wakho.