Ezimweni zendlu yasendlini kungenzeka ukuba ukhule ngempumelelo iningi lezitshalo zeberry ngaphansi kwesimo sokushiya okulungile nokudla okungeziwe njalo. I-Gardenberberberries, ukutshala okubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezilula uma kuqhathaniswa nama-strawberries angenasisekelo noma i-gooseberries, inganikeza ama-5 kg amajikijolo avela esihlahleni ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Imithetho yokutshala i-blueberry
I-Berry ehlathini izakhiwa yizithombo futhi endaweni eyodwa ingakhula kusuka eminyakeni engu-15 kuya kwengu-40, ngakho-ke ukukhetha okulungile kokutshala impahla kuyisiqinisekiso sempilo nokuvunwa okuphezulu kwesitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokufanele ingadi ye-blueberry, kudingeka ukhethe ngokunemba okufanayo isithombo, okuyilapho ngesikhathi sokutshala kumele okungenani sibe neminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Ukudluliselwa kumbhede ohlala njalo kuzophumelela uma zonke izimo zifinyelelwa:
- ukusungulwa kwe-peat turf ye-acidification;
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-substrate engaqondakaliyo ne-sawdust yokubuyisela emuva;
- ukuthungwa kwemigodi yokufika ngokubanzi okungenani ububanzi buka-60 cm.
Indlela yokutshala i-blueberry engadini?
Ukutshalwe endaweni evulekile kuphela i-shrub ene-root system evaliwe - ngale ndlela ingahlala ezimbizeni noma eziplasini. Vula izimpande, ezivezwayo lapho uhambisa isithombo kusuka kubamba lokushisa kuya embhedeni engadini, zibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke zivame ukuba nezimpande. Ezinye iziqondiso zendlela yokutshala ingadi ye-blueberry zihlanganisa:
- Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, isitsha nesitshalo siswakanyiswe ukuze kube lula ukukhipha isobho.
- Umsuka wesitshalo ngosizo lwe-scapula ususwe futhi uhlanzwa ngokucophelela umhlaba owandayo nama-clods amakhulu we-loam.
- Ihlathini le-blueberry ligcotshwe emhlabathini ngilindele ukuthi okungenani ama-5 cm enhlabathini azofihla izimpande.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala i-blueberry engadini?
I-Berry ehlathini ingafakelwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa zonke izinhlobo zokutshala zinamaphutha abo. Isici esinqumayo ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuhlwanyela i-blueberry engadini - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kufanele kube khona ukutshala okwakhiwa. Uma isithombo sithengwa entwasahlobo kanti ifihlekile kakade, i-blueberry kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuthengwa ehlobo noma ekupheleni kukaMeyi, isihlahla esinamaqabunga ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esipholile singalindela ngokulondeka ukutshala ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ebhodweni lomthamo ofanelekayo.
Indawo yokutshala isihlahla sama-blueberry
Lesi siko se-berry sithanda ukulinganisela kukho konke - ukuthola ukukhanya, ivolumu yamanyolo kanye nezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, unqume ukuthi ukutshala ingadi ye-blueberry ingaba kanjani nememo encane yokukhetha indawo ekahle ehlathini:
- Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo asinakubekezelela ukutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izinga labo endaweni ehlathini akufanele libe eduze komhlaba kunemitha.
- Lesi sitshalo siyakuthanda i-penumbra. Abagadi bezolimo abanolwazi baye baqaphela ukuthi ama-blueberries, ekhulayo emthunzini wezithelo zezithelo ezisehlangothini olulodwa, anambitha kahle ngenkathi amajikijolo avuthwa elangeni noma emthunzini ogcwele, anomuncu futhi asheshe aphulukiswe.
Ukunakekela ama-blueberries ngemuva kokutshala
Ukuncintisana kunendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni isivuno sehlathi. Izimpande zesitshalo zivikelekile nge-sawdust, izinaliti ze-spruce noma ezinye izinto zokumboza ehlobo nasebusika. Ekushiseni kokutshala noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedijithali, kanye nokunakekelwa kwamanye amajikijolo, kusikisela ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch njengento yokugcina umswakama emhlabathini, futhi ngenkathi ebandayo futhi isebenza "njengomfudumala" wezimpande ze-blueberries. Uma kungenjalo, izincomo zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ze-berry zilula kakhulu:
- Ukhula nokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni ezimpandeni yizitha ezimbi kakhulu zokuvuna. Ukhula njalo futhi ukhululeke ngokuguqula ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kuya ku-2-3 cm ukuxazulula ngokuphelele le nkinga.
- Ukususwa kwezitshalo zangaphandle kusuka emibuthanweni emithathu. Ngama-70-80 cm ekude ukusuka endaweni lapho i-blueberry engadini ikhula khona, ukutshala kwezinye izitshalo ngenqubo eyisisekelo evinjelwe, ngoba bayodonsa amavithamini nokugqoka okuphezulu emhlabathini, okuhloswe ukuba kube amajikijolo.
- Ukudubula ukubeka i-skeleton enamandla. Njalo eminyakeni emibili ehlathini susa zonke izimila ze-vegetative ukuze kuqiniswe isitshalo nokuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, wonke amagatsha aphukile noma aphelile anqunywe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Ukutshala okulungile kwensimu ye-blueberry - ukuchelela
Indlela yokuphuza i-blueberry ibizwa ngokuthi "umbuso wamanzi", osevele ubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi kunomswakama ophezulu emhlabathini. Isitshalo siyakudinga ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho ungavumeli inhlabathi yome. Ukutshala nokukhula noma yikuphi okungafaniyo kwebhilikrikhi engadini kufanele kube ngaphansi kwemithetho elandelayo eyisisekelo yokunisela:
- Ngenkathi isithombo singapheli futhi amaqabunga amasha avela kuso, umhlaba ngaphansi kwesitshalo kumele ube njalo unomsoco.
- Ngenyanga yokuqala, ukuthambisa isikhathi esinezinyanga ezintathu kugcinwa isonto.
- Kusukela ngenyanga yesibili emva kokufakelwa, isihlahla siyadluliselwa ngesonto elilodwa lokuchelela.
- Ngesikhathi selanga lasehlobo, insimu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifafazwa ngamanzi abandayo kusukela kusibhamu se-spray ekuseni.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-blueberries engadini - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngokuphambene nezitshalo zemifino efana nemifuno ephilayo, le berry ayikubekezeli. Ukhetha izinto zamaminerali eziqukethe izakhi lapho i-shrub idinga isiteji sokukhula. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu, uma kunqunywe ukutshala i-blueberry ebusika entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukwehlukanisa isikhathi sokukhula kwawo kusukela ekubukeni kwamaqabunga okuqala ukuvunwa ngezigaba ezintathu ezilinganayo, ngasinye esitshaliswa yisitshalo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yikuphi okumele kusetshenziswe, ukubukeka kwe-blujilberry kuzosiza:
- Njengoba ukukhula okusheshayo kwamahlumela amakhulu, ukubonakala komthunzi ophuzi kumaqabunga noma ukwakheka amajikijolo amancane, i-nitrogen isetshenziswa njengomanyolo.
- Ukushona kwamacebiso kanye nokusika amaqabunga kanye nokuthola i-purple hue kubo kubonisa ukungabi khona kwe-phosphorus.
- Ukuthola amaqabunga e-apical we-blue hue ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala izimpawu ze-blueberry zensimu isidingo sokondla okwengeziwe ngesisekelo se-boron.
- Umbala ophuzi obomvu wamaqabunga noma ukubonakala kwe-mucus omhlophe emahlumela kubonisa ukungabi nesibabule.
Yini engingayitshala eduze kwensimu ye-blueberry?
Ukuhlela ukutshala amajikijolo ensimini, akudingeki ukuthi ucabange kuphela ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezakhula ensimini ngonyaka odlule nokuthi kuzoba yini eduze kwazo. Akukwanele ukwazi impendulo yombuzo wokutshala kahle i-bluberijri ngokufanele - kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umakhelwane ungalimaza amahlumela awo. Njengoba ukufakelwa kwamajikijolo kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima nokusinda empofu, kubalulekile ukubeka isitshalo esingathathi hlangothi eduze kwalo, hhayi ukukhipha isisindo somhlabathi. Lokhu kufaka:
- i-parsley;
- i-thyme;
- ukhukhamba;
- i-zucchini;
- i-rosemary;
- ummbila.