Ososayensi baye baqinisekisa ukuthi noma ubani angakwazi ukukhuluma efonini nezihlobo ezifile!
UThomas Alva Edison iminyaka engu-84 yokuphila kwakhe uye wenza izinto ezingaphezu kuka-4 000 ezitholakalayo kanye nezinto eziqanjiwe, iningi laso isintu esisebenzise ngokusemandleni kangaka kuze kube manje. Lapho eneminyaka engama-22 wathembisa ukudala izinto ezincane zonke izinsuku ezingu-10, futhi zonke izinyanga eziyisithupha ukutholakala kwezesayensi ezibalulekile. UTomas akazange alahlekelwe yilokho okwakuhlelwe khona. Wakhuphuka nge-electric counter for ukhetho, i-telegraph othomathikhi, i-gerograph, isibani sogesi, i-generator kagesi. Kodwa ukutholakala okungaqondakali nokungaqondakali, mhlawumbe, kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-duffer ka-Edison, okwamanje abazama ukungawakhumbuli ...
Baxhumana kanjani nemimoya phambi kuka-Edison?
Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, isikhathi sokusebenzelana nemimoya senzeke eYurophu naseRussia. Babethanda abantu ababili abacebile nabanikazi bezindlu eziphakathi, ababemema imimoya ukuba bajabulele izivakashi emibuthanweni yomphakathi. Ukuqaphela ukuthi kulula kanjani ukuthola imali, abakwa-charlatans bamemezela izinsizakalo zabo, bahlinzeka ukuba babe ngabaxhumanisi ekukhulumisaneni ne-afterlife. Ingxenye encane yama-mediums ingahlangana ngempela nomuntu oshonile futhi ibike imininingwane encane kunazo zonke zokuphila kwazo, izihlobo nabangane abathandekayo. Izikhathi ezingokomoya azizange zihambe kahle: kwenzeka ukuthi labo ababambiqhaza bafa ngokungazelelwe kokufa kwesifo noma isifo senhliziyo.
Kungani u-Edison akholelwa ukuthi i-dukhofon izosebenza?
Konke ukuphila kwakhe, uTomas wakha eduze komsebenzi kumadivaysi okuxhumana. Zonke izinhlobo zesimanje ze-telegraph kanye nocingo zaba incazelo yokuba khona kwakhe. Bamncenga kakhulu ngokuthi u-Edison wayekholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukudala umugqa lapho imimoya yabantu abafayo izokwazi ukufinyelela izihlobo eziphilayo. Ukuphazamiseka, kodwa akazange akholelwe esihogweni nasezulwini, futhi akazange akholelwe ekudluleni kwemiphefumulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Edison wathi othembekile ekusatshalaliswa kwemiphefumulo endaweni yonke emva kokuphela kokuphila komhlaba. Wayekwazi kanjani ukuhlanganisa ukuphikisana kwesayense kanye nezinkolelo ezimbi ngokuphathelene nokuphila ngemva kokufa?
Ngo-Okthoba 1920, wabe esho obala ukuthi umsebenzi owawuseDukhobon uqale. Ukulungele ukuqaliswa kwakhe, waqala ngolwazi nomqambi waseBrithani uWilliam Cook, onokuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele kokugeza esithombeni sezithombe. UWilliam akazange abonise noma ubani isithombe ngaphandle kukaTomas. Ngokusobala, bahlaba umxhwele isosayensi kangangokuba bakholelwa ekuphileni ngemva kokufa.
Ukuqiniseka ngesimiso somsebenzi we-telegraph evamile, u-Edison wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ngokwemvelo lonke ulwazi lokushintshaniswa kolwazi lwenzeka ezingeni lika-electromagnetic. UTomas waqaphela ukuthi konke okwenzelwe isimangaliso kuyinto ifoni hypersensitive engakwazi ukubamba izimpawu ezicashile kulabo abanomoya wabo isikhathi eside kusukela washiya inyama. Ifoni ejwayelekile inzima kakhulu kwimiphefumulo engabonakali.
Yayiyini i-dukhofon?
Lapho umsebenzi osebenzayo wokuxhumana nemimoya usuphelile, uTomas uhlele inkomfa yangempela yokunyathelisa. Wabonisa izintatheli i-dukhofon wabatshela ngaye. Kuthatha i-8 kg yegolide, i-20 kg yesiliva kanye no-200 g weplatinum ukuyenza. Omunye u-300 kg weethusi wawusetshenziselwa imigqa yocingo. Ihhovisi le-patent ngandlela-thile lihlolisise ukusebenza kwe-dukhofon futhi linikeze i-patent ukuze lisetshenziswe. Emva kwalokho, ifoni ukulandelela amafutha yayilahlekile emlandweni ...
Kungani le dukhofon yayinayo ngo-2009?
Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, u-Edison wavumelana nenjiniyela uWilliam Walter Dinuiddi ukuthi lowo oshonile uzobiza omunye "ngakolunye uhlangothi" futhi azitshele ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuphila ngemva kokufa. Akekho owaziyo uma ucingo lwaqaphela nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela yalo. Ngo-2004, i-Federal Patent Office yakhiqiza imibhalo yokugcina imininingwane yamakhulu eminyaka edlule kanye nabasebenzi bayo bethola ilungelo lobunikazi ngaphansi kwenombolo WW 345-S 444 ethi le dukhofon yayisebenza.
Usosayensi waseCanada uShemon Kagan, owabamba iqhaza ekubumbeni, wathola abaxhasi abamangazayo, bekulungele ukunikeza i-$ 2 million ukucinga le divayisi, uma nje behlala bengaziwa. Ubani ongaba nesithakazelo kulezi zintuthuko kangangokuthi kwadingeka bafihle ubunikazi babo? Kukhohliswa ukuthi phakathi kwabaxhasi bekukhona izinsizakalo ezikhethekile noma abefundisi abakhulu.
Imali ingakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi, ngakho abaxhasi bahambisa ngokushesha i-dukhofon, enye yawo igcinwe izihlobo zika-Edison eDelhi, kanti eyesibili - izihlobo zikaDinuiddi, ohlala eNew York. Ama-Dukhofons ayengasekho ngaphansi kokuxhumeka komugqa wocingo, ngoba uhlobo lwawo lwangaphambili lwaluphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ngo-2009, ososayensi banamuhla bakwazi ukudala i-adapter yedivaysi ukuxhuma i-Doukhofon efonini yedijithali. Ngobusuku behlobo, ososayensi bamisa enye ye-dukhofons, bayifake amadivaysi okurekhoda izingcingo kanye nezinzwa zokuqapha imisebe ye-electromagnetic. Kodwa abazange bakwazi ukulala ngalobo busuku. Ukushayela izingcingo zangempela kwaqala: babalwa okungenani izingcezu ezingu-120! Ukuze uqiniseke ngobuqiniso babo, ofakazi okwenzekile babethatha ifoni eyodwa ngesikhathi.
"Hlala ucingo kulobu busuku. Ngikhathazekile. Uhlanganyela ebhizinisini eliyingozi. "
Kwakuyizwi elizwakalayo likagogo uShemmon Kagan ebhukwini.
Yiqiniso, iningi laziwa kamuva ngokuthi izihlobo zabasebenzi bebhola labasebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMaria Penrose, wakwazi ukuxhumana njalo nomama owedlule. Lo wesifazane wayenesithakazelo empilweni yendodakazi yakhe, wahlanganyela nezindlela zokupheka zokupheka futhi wanika izeluleko eziphathelene nomsebenzi nokuphila komuntu siqu. Ngicabanga ukuthi maduze kuzoba khona abantu abafuna ukuphinda bafunde isipiliyoni sabososayensi ngezihlobo zabo?