I-BCG (Bacillum Calmette Guerin, BCG) iyigciwane lokulwa nesifo sofuba. Abadali balo mgomo - ososayensi baseFrance uGeren noKalmet, bamemezela ukutholakala kwabo ngo-1923. Ngokufanayo, ngo-1923, umgomo wawusetshenziswa okokuqala. Lesi sidakamizwa sasakazwa kabanzi eminyakeni eminingana kamuva. E-USSR, izingane zaqala ukugoma ngokusemthethweni nge-BCG yokugoma kusukela ngo-1962.
I-BCG ivikela kanjani isifo sofuba?
Imithi yokugoma i-BCG iqukethe uhlobo lwe-bacillus ye-tubercle ye-bovine eyakhula ngokukhethekile emvelweni wokufakelwa. Inkinga ye-bacillus imelana nemvelo yangaphandle futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibangela isifo kumuntu kangangokuthi ukuzivikela kungakhuthukiswa kuwo.
Isifo sofuba siyaziwa isikhathi eside. Kulo mlando omdala lokhu kugula akukhiphathi ukuphila kwabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane. Lesi sifo sibe yinkinga yangempela yomphakathi futhi izindlela zokulwa nazo kufanele zibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isifo sesifo sofuba sithinta izingane ngokushesha, ngoba amasosha omzimba asathuthukiswa kahle ngokuphathelene nezifo ezinjalo. Ukugonywa kwe-BCG kunciphisa kakhulu ukugula nokufa okuvela kuleso sifo esiyingozi kubantu, njengoba isifo sofuba kulula ukuvimbela kunokwelashwa.
Ukugonywa kwe-BCG
Ukugoma kwe-BCG yimijovo yokuqala yokuphila komntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ukugonywa kwenziwa ngosuku lwe-3rd-7 lokuphila kwengane. I-Revaccination yenziwa eneminyaka engu-7 no-14. Kukhona uhlobo lwe-BCG yokugoma - i-BCG m - ukwehlisa okuningi. Lo mgomo usetshenziselwa izingane ezivela ezigabeni ezilandelayo:
- izingane ezingenasheshe zithole isisindo (ngokuvamile ukugonywa kwe-BCG kunikezwa ngosuku lokugcina ngaphambi kokukhishwa);
- izingane ezingakhange zigonywe i-BCG esibhedlela ngenxa yokuphikisana. Kulesi simo, ukugonywa kwe-BCG kwenziwa uma izinqunquthela zisuswa;
- izingane ezizalwa ezindaweni ezinesifo sofuba esanelisayo.
Ukusabela okubi nezinkinga ze-BCG
I-BCG yokugoma iphethwe nge-intradermally. Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile komzimba ekugonyeni kwe-BCG kuyindlela ekhanda - isikhumba. Lesi sikhala sibonisa ukudluliswa ngempumelelo kwesifo sofuba sendawo. Uma isikhumba esikhumbeni emva kwe-BCG siphelela, kufanele udinga udokotela.
Ngokusho odokotela, izinkinga eziningi emva kokugoma kwe-BCG zibangelwa indlela engafanele yokusungula umuthi wokugoma. Ukugoma kwe-BCG kwabantwana abashayo kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho ukuthobeka kufanele kugcinwe khona, okokuqala. Uma kunezinambuzane, ukushaya okukhulu, ukuwohloka kwenhlalakahle jikelele emva kwe-BCG enganeni, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela ngokuphuthumayo.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-BCG
Ukugonywa kwe-BCG kunqatshelwe kumaqembu alandelayo wezingane:
- izingane izingane zabo ezincane eziye zabhekana nezinkinga ngemuva kokugoma ne-BCG;
- izingane ezinemindeni yazo enezifo ezine-HIV;
- Izingane ezinezifo ezinzima zokubeletha noma zezifo (Down syndrome, ukukhubazeka);
- izingane ezibhekene nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kulokhu, ukugoma kwe-BCG kubambezelekile kuze kube yilapho ingane ilulame ngokuphelele;
- izingane ezingaphambi kwesikhathi, ezinezinga eliphakeme lokungabonakali.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux
Isivivinyo seMantoux yindlela yokwelashwa ngokushesha kwesifo sofuba. Isivivinyo seMantoux siqukethe ukuphathwa okuncane kwamathambo amancane we-tuberculin, i-allergen, emzimbeni womntwana, otholakala kubhaktheriya wesifo sofuba. Khona-ke, izinsuku ezintathu, ukusabela kwendawo kuhlolwa. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala okuqinile, kusho ukuthi inyama yengane isivele ihlangene namabhaktheriya e-tuberculosis. Isivivinyo seMantoux kanye nokugoma kwe-BCG akufani. Isivivinyo seMantoux senziwa minyaka yonke ngisho nangabantwana abakhululekile emigodini yokugoma.