IGrisi liyizwe lamangakwane elidlule kakhulu. Ifa leminyaka eyedlule nanamuhla lihlaba umxhwele ngisho nabahambi abanolwazi kakhulu. Okubalulekile kuphela i-Acropolis ehloniphekile e- Athens , eheha izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke kuya enhloko-dolobha. Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi i-Athenean Acropolis ibheka kanjani, ngisho nasezinkulungwaneni zamakhasi, kuyisimangaliso ukuthi umuntu uvele nje abone kuphela.
Ifa leMhlaba - i-Acropolis e-Athene
"I-Acropolis" - leli gama ngolimi lwamaGreki lasendulo lisho ukuthi "idolobha eliphezulu", lo mqondo wawusetshenziselwa maqondana nezakhiwo eziqinisekisiwe ezisegqumeni. Yona kanye indawo lapho i-Acropolis e-Athens itholakala khona ngedwala lomswaketone elinesiqongo esingenalutho, esenyukela kumamitha angu-156. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izindawo zokuqala kule ndawo zakhiwa ngaphezu kuka 3000 BC. Cishe iminyaka engu-1000 BC. I-Acropolis yayinamathele ngezindonga ngamamitha angu-5 ubukhulu, ukwakhiwa kwayo kubangelwa izidalwa zenganekwane.
I-Acropolis, eyaziwa namuhla, yaqala ukuthola eminyakeni yama-7th-6th BC. Kodwa zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi zabhujiswa amaPheresiya abamba umuzi. Ngokushesha amaGreki aphinde abe amakhosi e-Athene, futhi ukwakhiwa kwe-Acropolis kwaqala kabusha. Lo msebenzi wawuholwa ngumdwebi omkhulu wase-Athene ongumFidia, ngenxa yokuthi i-Acropolis yazuza ubuciko bayo futhi yaba yinto eyodwa yokudweba. Uma ubheka uhlelo lwe-Acropolis yase-Athene, ungabona izinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 eziyingqayizivele zokwakha, ngayinye inenhloso yayo nomlando.
Parthenon kwi-Acropolis
Ithempeli eliyinhloko elibeka umqhele i-Athenean Acropolis yi-Parthenon. Ukuzinikezela kumuntu ohloniphekile wedolobhakazikazi ongumGreki u-Athena kwakwakhiwa ngamaphesenti angu-69.5 namamitha angu-30.9. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhumbuzo sezakhiwo zasendulo kwaqala ngo-447 BC. futhi yahlala iminyaka engu-9, kanti enye iminyaka engu-8 yenziwa imisebenzi yokuhlobisa. Njengamathempeli amadala alowo mlando, ithempeli lase-Athena e-Acropolis liyathakazelisa ngaphandle, hhayi ngaphakathi, njengoba yonke imikhosi yayibanjelwe nxazonke. Ithempeli lizungezwe ngamakholomu angu-46, amamitha ayishumi. Isisekelo sethempeli liyi-stereoobat yesiteji ezintathu, 1.5 metres high. Kodwa-ke, kwakuvame ukuba kukhona okumele kubonakale ngaphakathi - isikhungo esingcwele isikhathi eside sasiyimifanekiso engu-11 yemitha ka-Athena e-Acropolis, eyakhiwe yi-Fidium yezinyosi zendlovu esisekelweni kanye namacwecwe egolide njengesembozo. Njengoba sekukhona iminyaka engaba ngu-900, lesi sithombe siphelile.
Ipropylaea Acropolis e-Athens
Ehunyushweni langempela, igama elithi "propylea" lisho "indawo". I-propylaea ye-Acropolis yase-Athene imelela ukufika okuhloniphekile ensimu evikelwe, eyenziwe ngokuphelele nge-marble. Izitezi eziphezulu zihola izitebhisi, zizungezwe zombili izinhlangothi ngamapulati. Ingxenye ephakathi ibonisa isivakashi amakholomu ayisithupha eDoric, echaza isitayela ne-Parthenon. Ukudlula emgodini, ungabona umnyango wezinga elimangalisayo nezinye izango ezine ezincane. Ezikhathini zasendulo amaPropylae ayevikelwe ngophahla, okwakucwecwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nokuhlotshiswe ngezinkanyezi.
I-Erechtheion e-Acropolis
Erechtheion - lena enye ithempeli elibaluleke kakhulu kwabase-Athene, elizinikezele kanyekanye no-Athena noPoseidon, abaye balandela umlando wokulwa nombhali womuzi. Ingxenye esempumalanga yesakhiwo yithempeli lase-Athena, ngakolunye uhlangothi ithempeli likaPoseidon, elisezinyathelo ezingu-12 ngezansi. Abezivakashi abazange bazidelele ukwengeza ethempelini, okuthiwa amaPortico Daughters. Isici saso emifanekiso eyisithupha yamantombazane, enamakhanda abo asekela uphahla. Izithombe eziyisihlanu zineziqalo, kanti enye ithathwe esikhundleni sekhophi, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kuthathwe eNgilandi, lapho igcinwa khona namhlanje.
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Okunye okukhangayo kwe-Athene yi- Theater of Dionysus egcinwe.