Ngokungangabazeki, phakathi kwethu kukhona labo abawazi ukuthi ama-peas "awazalwanga" emigodini, kodwa ekhula emasimini, avuthwe ngama-pods amade aluhlaza. Futhi ukuthola ama-beet emashalofini, ekuqaleni udinga ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi ukuze ulikhiphe phansi.
Uyazi ukuthi i-sesame elimnandi, umthombo we-calcium uvuthwe? Noma i-chinan? Futhi kuthiwani ngama-cashews, ama-alimondi neminye imikhiqizo eminingi engavamile, ngamanye amazwi, yummy, engakhuli esifundeni sethu?
1. Imbewu yembewu yesame
Lapho ikhula khona: i- sesame, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, ikhule eNdiya, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Arabia, ePakistan, emazweni aseCentral naseNingizimu-East Asia, eCaucasus.
Indlela yokukhula: ikhula enhlabathini e-loamy, iphethe ngo-17 ° C. Kutshalwa ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ukuvuna kunguSeptemba, isikhathi lapho amaqabunga e-sesame ephenduka aphuzi bese ewa.
Njengoba livuthwa: imbewu ivuthwa kwamanye amabhokisi, lapho, lapho evuthiwe, vula ngokuchofoza kancane ekuthinteni okuncane.
2. Amantongomane
Lapho ikhula khona: umhlanga uvela eNingizimu Melika, namuhla ukhule eningizimu ye-Ukraine, e-Uzbekistan, eTajikistan, emaRiphablikhi aseTranscauan, eKrasnodar Territory.
Indlela yokukhula: isitshalo sonyaka sikhula kahle ekushiseni kwe-27 ° C. Ivuthwa phansi komhlaba. Izithombo zivela ngoMeyi, ngoJuni-Agasti ngisho naphakathi kukaSeptemba. Inqubo yokuqoqa kufana nokumba amazambane. Isikhathi sokuvuna siwela ngoSepthemba-Okthoba.
Njengoba ivuthwa: amantongomane avuthwe nge-pericarp evuvukile futhi ekhungathekile, ekhumbuza i-capsule, esuswa uma isetshenziswe.
3. Cranberries
Lapho ikhula khona: eRussia ikhula i-cranberries yezinhlobo ezincane ezinamagatsha amancane (i-tundra, i-forest-tundra, amaxhaphozi asenyakatho) futhi evamile (eningizimu yeVolga, eCaucasus, Kuban), enyakatho yeParis, eNyakatho Melika. Ama-cranberries amakhulu akhulayo asekhula ezintabeni zase-Appalachian.
Indlela yokukhula: itshalwe enhlabathini eyomhlabathi enomhlabathi ngesimo semivini enwabuzelayo. Izithombo zivela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi futhi zibe nombala obomvu okhanyayo. Njalo ngonyaka, kusukela esitshalweni esisodwa kuya emasimini, abalimi abajikelezayo baqoqa amajikijolo angamakhulu amaningana. Ukuqala kweqoqo nguSeptemba, isigaba sesibili nguNovemba kanti okwesithathu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Njengoba ikhula: ubuhlalu be-ruby bufihla eduze nenhlabathi ngaphansi kohlobo oluhlaza.
4. I-Cashew
Lapho ikhula khona: Umnumzane waseNdiya, njengoba ubizwa nangokuthi, uvela e-Brazil enelanga. Kuze kube manje, ikhulile futhi e-Indonesia, eNtshonalanga, eNingizimu Afrika, eNdiya, e-Iran, e-Azerbaijan.
Indlela yokukhula: lesi sihlahla esivuthiwe sivame ukuphakama ngamamitha ayi-13, kanti ezindaweni ezishisayo zifinyelela kumamitha angu-30. Awuzithobeki ekunakekeleni, kepha uyesaba iqhwa. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe itshalwe emhlabathini onomsoco, ovuthiwe. I-Cashew ikhula ngokuzithandela esakhiweni esicwebezelayo nangomthunzi obala.
Njengoba livuthwa: ekubukeni, izithelo ezivuthiwe zibukeka njenge-apula, okuthiwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi i-apple ye-cashew. Abasebenzi baqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe (iminyaka engaba ngu-30 000), ukukhumbuza ifomu le-comma, elomile elangeni, bese lihlanzwa kusuka kugobolondo. Ngendlela, phakathi kwegobolondo layo elingaphezulu kanye nomgogodla uqukethe i-resin phenolic, okuyinto, ukufika esikhumbeni, kungabangela ukubukeka kokushisa.
5. ama-pistachio
Lapho ikhula khona: indawo yokuzalwa yalesi sihlahla encane yizifunda zezintaba eziseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ne-Asia ephakathi, entshonalanga yeTurkmenistan, Afghanistan naseNyakatho ye-Iran. Manje zikhula eU.SA, eCrimea, eCaucasus.
Indlela yokukhula: usakaze lesi sihlahla ngokusika. It ikhula phezu ematheni, inhlabathi empofu. Ungakwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu se-frosty kuze kufike ku -25 ° C, nesomiso, futhi ngaphandle kokunganaki ekunakekeleni. I-pistachio ibizwa nangokuthi i-almond ehlaza. Ikhula kuze kube ngu-10 m. Izithelo zivela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba.
Njengoba ivuthwa: ngokushesha nje lapho i-husk egubha i-nut iyancipha, isivuno siqala. Isihlahla kufanele sishukunyiswe kancane ukuze ama-pistachios awele phansi. Enye ye-alimondi eluhlaza ingahlinzeka ngamakhilogremu angu-24 e-peanut ehlutshiwe.
6. Inanatha
Lapho ikhula: iParaguay naseningizimu yeBrazil. Namhlanje, iningi lama-apinapula akhule empumalanga ye-Asia. I-Thailand iyinhloko yomhlaba ekuthekelweni kwalesi sitshalo se-herbaceous.
Indlela yokukhula: emasimini emhlabathini owuncwatshiwe owawutshalwa ama-cuttings angaphezu kuka-20 cm. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, izithombo ziphathwa nge-acetylene, okuvusa izimbali eziningi zikaphayinaphu. Lesi sithelo singasinda isomiso. Ngendlela, akakhuli emthini wesundu, njengabantu abaningi bakholwa, kodwa emhlabathini njengeklabishi. Izimbali ziqala unyaka nonyaka ngemva kokutshala. I-fetus iqala ukwakha izinyanga ezingu-3-6.
Njengoba livuthwa: kusuka kunaninhla ephezulu iveza inflorescence, lapho izimbali zivuthwa khona. Kulezi zinsuku zakhiwa amajikijolo, okuyinto, lapho egcwele ijusi, ivaliwe futhi yakha izithelo ezinomsoco futhi ezikhangayo.
7. Ubhontshisi bamaCocoa
Lapho ikhula khona: umuthi we- chocolate, igama lesibili lamabhontshisi e-cocoa, ukhule eCentral America, e-Afrika. Manje umkhiqizi omkhulu kunazo zonke yiCote d'Ivoire. Indawo yesibili ihlala i-Indonesia. Ngemuva kwayo kuya eBali, ingxenye ephakathi nendawo esempumalanga ephelele ekukhuleni ubhontshisi be-cocoa. Abathengisi nabo bahlanganisa amazwe alandelayo: iGhana. EBrazil, eNigeria, e-Ecuador, e-Malaysia, e-Colombia naseCameroon.
Indlela yokukhula: umuthi ufinyelela ukuphakama kwemitha eyi-15. Uqala ukuqhakaza uneminyaka engama-5, kanti isithelo sibonakala emva kweminyaka engu-30-80. Isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke kubonakala emithini eminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12. Ukuvuna kuqoqwe kabili ngonyaka: owokuqala - ekupheleni kwesikhathi semvula, owesibili, wokugcina - ngaphambi kokuqala kwalesi sizini.
Njengoba ivuthwa: isithelo esikhulu kuze kube ngu-20 cm ubude, ifakwe njengekhukhamba nelamula. Ekuqaleni kuluhlaza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba maroon emnyama, futhi kuvuthwe ngokuphelele - ophuzi okhanyayo. Imbewu emikhulu ingaphakathi kwesithelo ngesikhumba esinzima. Zizungezwe i-pulp enomnandi namanzi, equkethe cishe ama-50 we-cocoa ubhontshisi.
8. Amahlumela aseBrussels
Lapho ikhula khona: yayiseMedithera, itholakala kwiklabishi emibala. Utshalwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eCanada, eU.SA nasezindaweni eziphakathi kweRussia.
Indlela yokukhula: etshalwe enhlabathini evundile ye-loamy, egcwele izinto eziphilayo, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ukuvuna kungukuphela kukaSepthemba.
Njengoba ivuthwa: ama-copepods azungeze ama-coplods ama-round cylindrical. Esinye isitshalo esinjalo sithela ku-20-40 noma ngaphezulu kochanchikov enesisindo esingu-8-15 g.
9. Vanilla
Lapho ikhula khona: umkhiqizi omkhulu kunazo zonke iMadagascar. Ngemva kokuya eChina nase-Indonesia.
Indlela yokukhula: i- vanilla ibhekisela kuma-lianas omndeni we-Orchid. Ukuze akhule, unamathele esihlahleni esikhethekile somuthi, okwenza yena nombili umthunzi nomphumela wokushisa. I-Vanilla ithanda umswakama ophezulu nomfudumalo. Le liana ikhula eminyakeni 10-12. Ukwakha ama-vanilla pods esizayo, ziphethwe yi-pollinated ngesandla. I-vanilla engavunyelwe ihlanjululwe futhi iqhutshwe ekucubunguleni isikhathi eside.
Njengoba zivuthiwe: maphakathi noJuni emakhadini omvini zikhula zibe ngu-22 cm ubude. Ngemva kokuqoqwa, zigcwele amanzi abilayo, zimbozwe ngezingubo futhi zihamba usuku. Bese boma elangeni amahora angaba ngu-5. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-pods "alahlekelwa isisindo" izikhathi ezingu-7. Khona-ke zihlelwa usayizi, ziboshwe ngezibopho bese zithunyelwa kugaraji. Manje uqala ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-vanilla pods ebiza kakhulu.
10. Ama-alimondi
Lapho ikhula: eCrimea, e-Asia, eCaucasus, e-Himalayas, e-Tien Shan, e-USA, e-Tajikistan, e-Israel.
Njengoba ikhulile: i- almond ikhula kuphela emithambekeni yamatshe kanye namatshe. Ukukhanya okuthandayo futhi okuthandayo inhlabathi ecebile nge-calcium. Kutshalwe ekwindla ngasekupheleni konyaka. I-shrub ekuphakameni kwemibhobho engu-4-6 m ngoMashi-Ephreli, futhi izithelo zivela ngoJuni-Julayi. Ukuvuna kuqala ngeminyaka engu-4-5 futhi kuqhubeka iminyaka engama-50. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umuthi wama-alimondi uneminyaka engama-130 ubudala.
Njengoba ivuthwa: izithelo ziwomile, i-velvety odnokostyanku. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, igobolondo lama-alimondi avuthiwe. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, i-pericarp iba eyomile futhi igwetshwe esitokisini esidla. Ukuvuna ngokwayo kuvunwa ngezinti 4 m ubude futhi ngosizo lwamanetha amakhulu alala eduze kwesihlahla, bese izisebenzi ziqala ukudubula phansi isivuno. Ama-alimondi aqoqwe aqala ukuhlunga.