Isizathu esiyinhloko somdlavuza wesibeletho sihlala singumuntu we-papillomavirus, okwenza i-dysplasia ye-epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho kanye nokwehla komdlavuza. Igciwane lidluliselwa ngocansi, futhi ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokulala okungavimbelwe. Ingozi yokutheleleka ikhula ngokuqala kokusebenza ngokobulili, abalingani abaningi bezocansi hhayi kuphela kwabesifazane, kodwa futhi kumlingani wakhe wezocansi, kunciphisa nomlingani wakhe womlingani futhi cishe engekho ezintombi.
Izinto ezibangela ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana ukubhema, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, izifo ezingavamile zokuvuvukala komlomo wesibeletho, ukwehla kwendawo noma okuvamile ekukhunjweni, ukuhlinzeka okuhlinzekwa emtholampilo.
Amafomu yomdlavuza wesibeletho
Kunemdlavuza yomlomo wesibeletho engeyona intsha futhi engavamile. Uma umdlavuza wesibeletho we-cervix awuhambi ngaphesheya kwe-epithelium, umdlavuza ongenamkhawulo ukhula hhayi nje emigqeni ejulile yomlomo wesibeletho, kodwa nakwezinye izitho ezingomakhelwane, kanye nemithambo yezinhlangothi zamakhansela nezitho ezikude.
- Umdlavuza we-preclinical uhlukaniswe umdlavuza ongakapheli umdlavuza we-in situ kanye ne-microinvasive we-cervix (noma i-1a isiteji ngokuhlasela kwe-stroma kufika ku-3 mm).
- Umdlavuza omangalisayo womlomo wesibeletho uqala kakade nge-1b esiteji, lapho ukuhlasela kwe-tumor kuqhubeka nokujula kuka-3 mm.
- Zonke ezinye izigaba zomdlavuza zibhekwa njengezingenangqondo: isigaba sesi-2 lapho kungena isitho esiseduze - isiswini se-2/3 engenhla noma umzimba wesisu esisodwa.
- Isiteji sesi-3 ngokungena ngaphakathi kwendoda yonke noma ukuguqula edongeni lomzimba
- 4 isigaba ngokushintshwa kwesinye isisu noma ngaphesheya kwesikhumba.
Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi amangqamuzana i-tumor ebulalayo, ihlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza, ngayinye ehlasela:
- i-squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho (noma ngaphandle kwe-keratinization, inkulu noma encane ifakwe);
- i-adenocarcinoma ;
- i-squamous cell carcinoma;
- i-adenoid cystic carcinoma;
- umdlavuza ongenasiphelo.
Ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, lesi sifo siphuthuma kakhulu.
Ngokwezigaba zomhlaba wonke womdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza wokuqala uhambelana nesigaba sesigaba ngokusho kwesigaba somtholampilo kanye ne-Tis ngokusho komhlaba wonke. I-Microinvasive ihambelana ne-T1a, nomdlavuza wokuhlasela yizo zonke izigaba ezilandelayo zokuhlukaniswa ngamazwe, ngenkathi:
- I-T1b ngumdlavuza kuphela ekuhlaseleni komlomo wesibeletho wedwa;
- I-T2 - umdlavuza uya ngaphesheya kwentamo ehambisana nezigaba ezimbili;
- I-T3 - umdlavuza udlulela ezindongeni zesikhumba noma uhlala kuwo wonke amazinyo, okuhambisana nezigaba ezintathu;
- I-T4 ihambelana nezigaba ezingu-4 ngokuya ngezigaba zomtholampilo.
I-Metastasis yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
Kodwa esimweni samazwe ngamazwe, ama-N- metastases kuya kuma-lymph nodes ayengeziwe:
- lapho uN0 bengekho;
- ku-N1 zenzeka kuphela kuma-lymphonoduses wesifunda;
- ku-N2 - ekude.
Ngaphandle kwe-metastases kuma-lymph nodes ekuhlukaniseni ngamazwe ngamazwe, kunqunywe ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa ezikude - M, zikhona noma zi-M1, noma cha - M0. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezigaba zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqala kwenqubo engavamile emdlalweni wesibeletho kungenziwa kanje: T1bN0M0.