Umdlavuza wesibeletho ngumdlavuza ovamile. Ukuvama kwesimo salo kwandisa ngokukhululeka ngobudala, kepha ukukhubazeka kwenzeka kubantu besifazane esikhathini sokuzala. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuphulwa, sibone izimbangela zayo, izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza webele kwabesifazane, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.
Kungani kwenzeka umdlavuza webele?
Izimbangela zomdlavuza webele zihluke, ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukukhathazeka ukukhipha ngokuqondile lowo oholele esi sifo. Ngokucophelela, ukuhlukana okuhlukile, kutholakala ukuthi lesi sifo sibhekene nezici eziningana. Phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwelapha yezimbangela, i-oncologists iveza:
- Ubudala. Izinqubo ze-incological zivame ukutholakala kubesifazane besifazane abaneminyaka engu-40-60 ubudala. Nokho, lokhu akufaki isidingo sokuhlola amantombazane amancane.
- Heredity. I-oncologists iphawula izinga lokukhula kwezilwane phakathi kwabesifazane abanezihlobo eziseduze ezihlushwa yi-oncology. Ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwezifo ezinjalo ingakhuphuka izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi eziyisihlanu, kuye ngokuthi izinga lobuhlobo luni.
- Ukulimala kwe-gland mammary. Ngokuvamile, lapho uthola isisu, kusungulwa ukuthi lihlotshaniswa nokushaya, ukulimala kwesifuba.
- Ukuphulwa kwesistimu yezinzwa. Ukucindezeleka njalo kanye nokudlulela ngokweqile kubangela ukukhathala okusebenzayo, ukuphazamisa umzimba wemvelo emzimbeni.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokudla okunomsoco. Ukudlula kakhulu ekudleni kwamafutha ezilwane, ukudla okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhalori, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini A, E, C kukhombisa ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala kungathuthukisa izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukuphulwa okuhlobene nomsebenzi wokubeletha. Kulezi zinguquko, okwenza ukuthi izifo ze-oncological ziqale, kungenzeka ukuthi zifakazela:
- ukuqala esikhathini sokuqala esikhathini (ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12);
- ukusa esikhathini sokuphumula (emva kweminyaka engu-55);
- ukuqala kwesikhathi sokusebenza (ngemuva kwe-30);
- ukukhulelwa emva kuka-40;
- isikhathi esifushane sokudla okusebenzayo;
- ukukhipha isisu njalo;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-appendages;
- ukungabikho kokuqala okuyinhloko;
- impilo engavamile yocansi.
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesibindi, i-thyroid, ama-ovaries. Ukwehluleka kwama-hormone ama-hormone lezi zitho ngokuvamile kubangela umdlavuza webele.
- Imisebe ye-ionizing. Ukuvama kokuthuthukiswa kwamathambo kwanda kwiziguli ezivezwe emisebeni yomsakazo. Umphumela oncogenic omkhulu waphawula ezigulini ezazivezwe yimisebe eneminyaka engu-10-19, ngokwezinga eliphansi - kwabesifazane abadala kunama-35.
- Indlela engalungile yokuphila. Ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi, ukuguqula i-hypodynamia kwandisa imvamisa yentuthuko yezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo emgodini we-mammary.
Amafomu yomdlavuza webele
Kuye endaweni yesilonda, ukujula kwezinguquko kanye nemvelo yabo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomdlavuza webele zihlukaniswa:
- i-nodular;
- ukusabalalisa (ifomu elingenayo, i-edematous-infiltrative, inflammatory);
- i-mastitis-like;
- i-erysipelas (ifomu le-carapaceous);
- umdlavuza we-Paget .
Ifomu le-infiltrative-edematous lomdlavuza webele
Umdlavuza webele we-Infiltrative njalo uhambisana nokuvuvukala, ukuqhuma kwesifuba. Lapho ehlolwa, udokotela uthola ukuhlukumeza okubuhlungu noma, uma kungenakunyakaziswa, ukungena ngaphakathi (densification). Kukhona okunamandla kakhulu, akunayo imingcele ecacile, futhi ngokuvamile ithatha iningi le-gland. Ngenxa yalokho, isifuba sanda ngokwevolumu, isikhumba siphenduka.
Uma uzama ukufaka isikhumba emkhombeni, owesifazane angakwenza ngokubunzima. Kubonakala sengathi ikhasi le-orange. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvimbela izitsha zethrifu ezine-tumor-shaped emboli noma ukucindezelwa kwesisu sabo esikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhukhumeza kubonakala endaweni ye-asola nezicubu ezungezile. E-armpit, ama-lymph nodes aminyene atholakala.
Ifomu elingavamile lomdlavuza webele
Umdlavuza onjalo webele kubesifazane uvame kakhulu kunezinye. Leli fomu liyi-80% yazo zonke izimo. Ezikhathini zokuqala, i-tumor ayibangeli owesifazane ukuphazamiseka, ayibonakali ngokwayo. Isibonakaliso esiwukuphela kobuhle obungenabuhlungu, obunzima, noma uphawu esifubeni. Ngokuvamile isiguli sisendaweni yangaphakathi yesigcawu sebele.
Uma kuhlolwe, ama-mammologists ahlola ukulinganisa kwendawo nokuma kwezigulane. I-syndrome ene-wrinkled ishintsho esikhumbeni sesifuba, iqala kakade ngobukhulu bokwebunjwa kuze kufike ku-2 cm. Uma umdlavuza webele unesimo esiphakathi, lo wesifazane ulungisa umzila we-ingono, ushintsho endaweni yayo - ingono iphendukela ohlangothini. Lokhu kunikeza isiguli nesisu sokungajabuli.
Uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza webele
Umdlavuza wesibeletho wale fomu ubonakala ngokuvuvukala kwesikhumba nesifuba sebele. Endaweni yemfundo, owesifazane ubhalisa ukubomvu. Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala ngokuphakama kokushisa komzimba, okungafinyeleli amamaki aphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imifula iyasakazeka-izimpawu ezintsha zivela esibelethweni, isikhumba siyabulala. Isibikezelo asinakulungele kule ndlela yokukhubazeka. Ama-metastases emdlavuza webele wefomu angase abe khona ezithombeni nasezingxenyeni ezingomakhelwane.
Umdlavuza webele wesimangalo
Umdlavuza wesibeletho ubonakala ukungena kwamangqamuzana e-pathogenic ngqo emathangeni wezinhlayiya. Ngokuvamile leli fomu liya ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-mastitis - isifuba sibomvu, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, nokuvuvukala kuvela. Uma i-palpation, i-compaction itholakala. Lincane ngosayizi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-foci ambalwa akhona. Ngenxa yokufana kwezimpawu, ngokuvamile odokotela badidekile nge-mastitis. Ukuchaza ukwelashwa akusebenzi. Ukuxilongwa okungeziwe kusungula inqubo yezinto eziphilayo.
Ifomu lokuvuvukala lomdlavuza webele
Umdlavuza webele we-Rozhistopodobny uhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-pathology nge-hyperimia ebukhali. Masinyane ngesifo esinjalo, abesifazane baya kudokotela. Kule phrimpia kunezingxube ezingalingani ezifana namalamangabi. Lokhu kungenxa yokusabalalisa kwamangqamuzana amathumba ngokusebenzisa izitsha ze-lymphatic. Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kuhambisana nalezi zinguquko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zihambisana nokuphendula okuvuthayo:
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuqoqwa kwe-pus ebusweni bezicubu.
I-Paget Cancer ye-Breast
Ngalolu hlobo lwe-pathology, i-tumor yebele isakhiwe ngokuqondile emilonyeni yamadayimane ase-excretory we-mammary esifundeni sezinyosi. Kulesi simo, ukunqotshwa kwe-nipple ne-areola kuya phambili. Iziguli zizwa kule ndawo zikhwaza, zithinta ukuzwa, zishaya kancane. Isigaba sokuqala sibonakala ngokubonakala kwezikali, izilonda ezingenangqondo ezingxenyeni zomzimba, i-areola. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo yebele ikhulisa ivolumu.
Njengoba intuthuko iqhubeka, ingono iyaba yindlala, futhi endaweni yayo isilonda senziwa. Kancane kancane, le nqubo iya kwi-areola. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni okuphelele ekubukeni kwesifuba. Le nqubo isakazeka kusukela enkabeni kuya kwezinye izindawo zegland, ithatha inani elikhulayo lamathishu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bangakwazi ngokunemba ngokunembile ukwakheka kwe-tumor.
I-Medullary Cancer Breast
Umdlavuza we-Medullary ungaphandle nje ne- fibroadenoma . Isici esiyingqayizivele ukukhula okusheshayo kwemfundo kuya ngobukhulu obukhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngenxa yalokho, kusukela emangqamuzaneni e-pathological in the gland, kuhlanganiswa imicu, ehlukaniswa omunye nomunye ngabaxhumanisi abambalwa bama cell connector. E-microscopy yesampula yamathambo amafomu wefomu elizungezayo, ahlonishwa ngevolumu enkulu ye-cytoplasm. I-tumor ibonakala ngokucacile kusuka kumathiskhi azungezile futhi lokhu kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Emaphandleni kunezibonakaliso, eziphikisana nezicubu eziseduze.
Umdlavuza Webele - Izimpawu Nezimpawu
Ezimweni ezingama-70%, abesifazane banquma lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ye-pathological isivele igcwele ngokugcwele. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kubalulekile ukuhlola izigulane okungenani kanye ngenyanga, ngisho nangaphandle kokungahambi kahle, ubuhlungu, kanye nezimpawu ezengeziwe. Ukuzitholela ngokwayo kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku lwesihlanu lwe-7 lomjikelezo. Ukuze unqume umdlavuza wesifuba ngesikhathi esifanele, wonke owesifazane kufanele azi izimpawu zesifo. Okuyinhloko yilokhu:
- ushintsho olusheshayo ngesimo, ubukhulu besifuba;
- ukubonakala kokukhishwa ekhanda;
- ukuhoxiswa kwe-ingono;
- shintsha esakhiweni, imibala yesikhumba sesifuba - ukubomvu, ukucubungula;
- ukubukeka kwe-edema ngendlela yekhasi lemon.
Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza webele kubesifazane
Ukuvutha, ukuvutha, ukugoba esifubeni, ku-nipple kanye ne-areola yizibonakaliso zokuqala zomdlavuza webele. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa kahle lezi zimpawu ngezimo ezihambisana nezinguquko ze-cyclic. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane bangaqaphela ukungahambi kahle, ukuvuvukala nokuzwela kwezigulane ezincelisayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kanye nengxenye yesibili yomjikelezo, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini. Isibonakaliso esicacile se-tumor singukunciphisa okungenakwenzeka ezinyathelweni zokuqala.
Ukuphuma endaweni yesipuli - izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane, okungahle kulungiswe kakade ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwelapha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ivolumu yabo iyanda. Kulokhu, umbala ungashintsha - kusuka obala, ogazini, ophuzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ongenamanzi angcolile. Lapho indawo iqala ukukhipha izingono, iba bomvu futhi ivuvuke. Ukwehla kwesibindi, okwenza owesifazane afune usizo.
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza webele
Izinyathelo zokuhlola zihlale zenziwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokubona uhlobo lwesifo kanye nesibangela esasikhuthaza. Ngakho umdlavuza webele we-hormone uncike ekutheni ungaqinisekisa ushintsho emlandweni we-hormonal - owesifazane unikela ngegazi kuma-hormone. Phakathi kwezinye izivivinyo zokuxilongwa ngomdlavuza webele:
- mammography - ubeka uhlobo, ukuma, ubukhulu besisu;
- i-doktografiya - indlela yokunquma uhlobo lokudoba lomdlavuza, okuphakamisa ukufakwa kwe-agent ehlukile emgodini;
- I-Ultrasound - kusiza ukucacisa usayizi, indawo yangaphakathi ye-tumor;
- ucwaningo lwe-cytological - lunikeza uhlobo lwezinqubo zempilo, lusiza ukwenza i-algorithm yokwelashwa efanele;
- i-biopsy - ukuhlolwa kwe-hertological kwesampula;
- ukuthengiswa kwemikhakha yezokwelapha - kwenziwa phambi kokubunjwa okungenakulinganiswa noma lapho kungenakwenzeka ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-pathology ngezinye izindlela.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele
Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kwe-oncology kusekelwe ohlobo, ukusabalalisa kwesifo, isiteji salo, ukutholakala kwamathologi ahambisanayo. Ukwelapha isifo ezifana nomdlavuza webele, ungasebenzisa:
- indlela yokuhlinzwa;
- ukwelashwa kwemisebe;
- i-chemotherapy;
- ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal;
- immunotherapy.
Ngakho indlela yokuhlinza isetshenziselwa ukungabikho komthelela wokwelashwa okulondolozayo. Ukwelapha imithi yomdlavuza webele kunisiza ukunciphisa izinga lokukhula kwesisu. I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza webele isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuqeda inqubo ye-pathological. I-hormonotherapy kanye nama-immunomodulator kusiza ukubuyisela umzimba esimweni esijwayelekile futhi kuncishise kakhulu amathuba okubuyela emuva.
I-Cancer Isisu - Ukuguqulwa
Lapho kutholakala umdlavuza webele, ukuhlushwa kwemvelo kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni uhlobo lwemfundo, isigaba senqubo yokugula, iminyaka yesiguli, ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwezifo ezihambisanayo. Izigaba zokuqala zokukhubazeka zihle kakhulu zokwelashwa (1 no-2). Ezimweni ezilindelekile kukhona amathuba amaningi okuphindaphinda, ukwakheka kwe-foci entsha ngisho nangemva kokususwa okuphelele kwezinto ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, ukubikezelwa kweminyaka eyishumi yokuphila ebangeni lesi-1 kungu-98%, futhi esigabeni 4, iziguli eziyi-10 kuphela eziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 emva kokuxilongwa. Ngaphezu kwesiteji, lesi sibikezelo sithinteka yi:
- i-tumor indawo;
- ubukhulu bemfundo;
- uhlobo lwezokwelapha lwezokwelapha.
Ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele
Umdlavuza wesifuba kwabesifazane ungavinjelwa ngokulandela izincomo eziningi zesidakamizwa. Odokotela bayeluleka:
- Gwema izimo ezicindezelayo.
- Nciphisa ubude bokuhlala elangeni ehlobo.
- Ukuqeda ukulimala okungenzeka kunama-mammary glands.
- Izambatho, ibra , kufanele zikhethwe ngokusayizi.
- Yeka imikhuba emibi.
- I-hormonal izindlela zokwelapha ngokweqile nomjozi wezifo zokwelapha.
- Hlanganisa ukudla okudla okunamafutha amaningi.
- Gwema ukuzama isikhathi eside.
- Ukuvakashela udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka.