Izifo eziyingozi kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu ngezikhathi ezithile zizizwa zizizwa. Bangabhubhisa ngempela abantu abaningi emhlabeni.
Kuze kube manje, imishanguzo yesimanje ingasinceda ngaphambi kokuqala kwezi zifo ezimbi.
1. Igciwane lesisu
Okuvamile futhi engenabungozi kusukela ekubukeni komuntu ongahlobene nemithi, isifo sesandulela ngculaza kubhekwa ukuthi singumkhuhlane. Njalo ngonyaka, izigidi zabantu abathintekayo isifo esithathelwanayo sephefumula komunye nomunye ngamaconsi aphethwe yi-air. Ngenxa yokukhangisa kwezidakamizwa ezibandayo kubonakala sengathi kwanele ukuphuza amaphilisi ambalwa - futhi zonke izimpawu zizophela. Noma kunjalo, minyaka yonke emhlabeni, abantu abangaba ngu-250 000 no-500 000 bayafa, iningi labo izingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 ubudala. Bonke bawunqikaze ikhono lomkhuhlane ukuvusa inyumoniya, i-meningitis kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
2. I-AIDS
"Inhlupho yangempela yekhulu lama-XX" yi-syndrome ye-human immunodeficiency. Eminyakeni eyikhulu nje kuphela, wabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-22, ebachitha impilo yabo empilweni yokuphila. I-AIDS idluliselwa ngokocansi nangomama noma ubisi lomama, ngakho-ke ikhondomu ayiqinisekisi ukuvikela ukutheleleka. Ukuba umuntu othwala igciwane, umuntu empeleni uwela esigabeni 'sokungazitholi' - unqatshelwe umsebenzi, akekho othanda ukuxhumana naye futhi aphile ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo. Ayikho imithi yangempela eye yafakazelwa ukuthi isebenza nge-AIDS. Kodwa kukhona umbono wezobuchwepheshe wokuthi inombolo yangempela yamacala okungenani izikhathi ezinhlanu kunalokho okushiwo abezindaba.
3. I-Black Pox
Igciwane lasendulo kunazo zonke i-smallpox, eyabonakala kuqala eplanethi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-68 eyedlule. Le nkinga iqhubeka njalo, ngakho-ke ukuqhuma kwesibhukela kuhambisane nomuntu kuwo wonke umlando wayo. Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, kwasongela iYurophu neRussia, engashiyi ithuba lokuba izisulu zalo ngenxa yokufa kwabantu abangu-90%. Abasindile babenzima - babeyizimpumputhe noma izithulu zokuphila, futhi isikhumba sabo sasigcwele izibazi ezivela ezilonda. Ekhulwini lama-XX, isibhokisi sashintsha futhi, kodwa igciwane elisha alikwazi ukubulala ngaphezu kwama-40% wenani lamacala. Isigameko sokugcina sokutheleleka sabhaliswa eSomalia ngo-1977. Namuhla, igciwane ligcinwa liqashwe kuma laboratories ase-United States naseRussia.
4. Inkinga
Lesi sifo sasibizwa ngokuthi "ukufa okumnyama", kwaze kwaba yilapho abantu bethola ukuthi kuphathwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotic. Kwakuyisigameko esibucayi kunazo zonke e-Medieval Yurophu, okubhekiswe kuso ngisho nesikhwama esimnyama. Kuphela kwekhulu le-XIV kusukela ku-75 million izakhamuzi zaseYurophu ezivela kuye zabulala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-34. Ngenxa yokutheleleka, imizi yonke yafa: abantu abazange bafune ukubuyela ekhaya bathathe igciwane, basuse izidumbu zezihlobo nomakhelwane.
Kwakungavamile odokotela: bavakashela iziguli kuphela ekugqoke izingubo zokuzivikela, ezihlanganiswe nge-wax kanye ne-mask ngomlomo, bahlolisisa iziguli kuphela ngentambo yamapulangwe, ukuze bangabathinti ngezandla zabo. Emva kokuxhumana nezembatho ezigulayo bashiswa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kungani lezi zinyathelo zingenakwenzeka ngokuphelele: ukutheleleka akuzange kwenzeke emoyeni, kodwa ngezinduku, amahhashi namahhashi.
5. iSpain
Umkhuhlane waseSpain noma waseSpain kwakuwumshayabhuqe omkhulu wezifo zengculazi emhlabeni. Ngonyaka ka-1919, isibalo sabantu abathintekayo sifike kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-550, okwakungamaphesenti angama-30 abantu besemhlabeni. Ebhekene neSpain, bafa ngokuvuvukala okukhulu kanye ne-edema ye-pulmona, ngaphandle kokuthola ithuba lokuthola kabusha. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka odlule umkhuhlane waseSpain wabulala abantu abaningi njengoba lesi sifo sakwazi ukubhubhisa eminyakeni engu-7. Ososayensi banamuhla basikisela ukuthi iSpain "yayiyisihlobo" esiseduze sohlobo lwe-H1N1, okwenziwa ososayensi namuhla.
6. Malaria
"Umkhuhlane we-Swamp" wadluliselwa futhi usakazwa kuze kube manje ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa kweminyamane, ngemva kwalokho umuntu une-fever, fever and chills, bese-wandisa isibindi nesipere. Isisulu sokuqala esibhalwe phansi segciwane nguFaro Tutankhamun: emzimbeni wakhe atholakala ama-causative agents of "marsh fever" ngesikhathi kuhlaziywa.
I-Malaria isabusa i-Afrika, lapho kunzima ukubona nokuqeda ngenxa yokuthi abantu bendawo abafuni ukuya odokotela. Kakade, izinhlangano zezokwelapha zomhlaba wonke zenza izibikezelo ezimbi: eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, izinga lokufa elivela malaria lizokhula okungenani kabili. Namuhla, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-50 bafa kulokhu kunokuba bevela ku-AIDS engafaneleki.
7. Ebola
I-Ebola igciwane labo bonke abakuzungezile abakwaziyo nge-TV ne-intanethi, kodwa bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi lesi sifo sibheka nokuthi kwenzekani, ngaphandle kwabantu baseZaire naseCongo. Igama layo livela emgodini we-Ebola, lapho ukuqubuka kokuqala kwesi sifo kuqale khona, kuqala ngokunyuka okujwayelekile kokushisa komzimba nokuphela kokunqotshwa kwezinso nezinso zesibindi ngomphumela obulalayo. Lesi sifo sithathwe kancane kancane ngaphansi kokulawula, ngakho-ke 42% wenani lalabo abahlangabezane negciwane bafa ngalo.
8. I-hepatitis
I-hepatitis ibizwa ngokuthi iyinkimbinkimbi yegciwane lezinhlobo ezine: bonke bahlasela isibindi bese baqala ukuyibhubhisa kancane kancane, okuholela ekufeni. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke yi-hepatitis B no-C - ngaphezulu konyaka bafa ngabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Ukuholela ekutheleleni kungaba: ukuncelisa ingane, ukudweba umzimba, ukumpontshelwa igazi, ubulili obuvikelekile. I-hepatitis yisitha esiyinqaba ukuthi eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutheleleka akuzibonakali ngandlela-thile, kodwa ngokushesha ibuhlungu impilo yomuntu.
9. I-virus ye-rabies
I-virus ye-rabies idluliselwa kubantu ezilwaneni, ezibhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo - izinja, izinja, ama-rodents, kodwa kuphela uma zishiywa ngaphandle kwekhaya. Ingena egazini lapho isilwane esiphelele sishaya. Umuntu ogulayo uhlushwa ukushisa, ukucabangela, imizwa yokwesaba nokukhubazeka kwemigqa ephansi nemisipha yamehlo: ngokubambisana, zonke lezi zimpawu ziholela ekufeni. Yeka ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kungaba ukugoma ngesikhathi esifanele.
10. Ikholera
"Ufakazi" wesifo nesifo sezinambuzane, kuze kube yilolu suku okwenza izifo ezibulalayo, zibonakalise ngesimo sokuqubuka kwekholera vibrio. Idluliselwa ngamanzi, amanzi anesifo kanye nokudla okungcolile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwamuva kwekholera, ungafa ngamathuba angu-85% wokugwinya, ukuhlanza nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.