Wonke umuntu emhlabeni kungenzeka ukuthi wezwa ngesifo esibi kangaka njenge-HIV, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ngezimpawu nemiphumela yayo, kanti futhi lolu lwazi lungasiza ekusindiseni izimpilo.
I-Retrovirus I-HIV kubantu besifazane iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba i-HIV ayidluliselwa kuphela kumuntu wesifazane kumuntu noma owesifazane, kodwa nakumntwana.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV kubesilisa nabesilisa ziyafana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, kepha ngokuvamile isiguli asibonisi izimpawu nhlobo, futhi abathwali be-HIV bahlala iminyaka eminingana, bengakwazi lutho ngalesi sifo.
Izimpawu ze-HIV kubesifazane:
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme - ikakhulukazi alidluli ama-38 degrees futhi lihlala izinsuku ezingu-2-3;
- ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile emzimbeni - kukhona ukwehla kwesikhashana noma isikhathi eside emandleni;
- ukwanda ngobukhulu bama-lymph nodes - kwenzeka ezimweni eziningi zokutheleleka;
- izinzwa ezingathandeki lapho ugwinya;
- izindawo ezincane ezibomvu kuwo wonke umzimba;
- isifo sohudo.
Kukhona umbono wokuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu besifazane kuqhubeka kancane kancane, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi futhi odokotela babonisa lokhu isimo sengqondo esinqunyiwe somphakathi wesintu emzimbeni wabo nakwezempilo.
I-HIV kubesifazane
Ochwepheshe-ososayensi baye baqoqa uhlu lwezimpawu okungenzeka bakwazi ukulandelela ukuthi i-HIV ibonakala kanjani kubesifazane:
- i-thrush engavamile yesisu noma yomlomo;
- ukutheleleka okuvamile kwesisu;
- ukutheleleka kwesisu, okunzima ukuphatha;
- ubusuku obukhulu kakhulu;
- umkhuhlane ongapheliyo;
- ukutholakala kwezifo ezithintekayo;
- ukuya esikhathini esibuhlungu;
- i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho.
Futhi, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungabonakalisa izimpawu ezinjalo kubesifazane njengokuba khona kwezilonda ezincane, ama-herpes noma ama-warts ezithombeni zofuzo, ukuphuma kwamagciwane okugaya, ubuhlungu esifundeni sezintambo. Ukubonakaliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubantu besifazane kuhlotshaniswa nokuphathwa ikhanda njalo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo nokudla okujwayelekile kanye nesigqi sokuphila. Kunezibonakaliso zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kulabafazi abanamabala amhlophe emgodini womlomo, izivunguvungu ezibonakala kalula futhi kunzima ukuhla, nokuhlaselwa komzimba. Ukucasuka okwedlulele nokukhathala okujwayelekile ngokomzimba nakho kufana nezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zalesi sifo.
Ukukhulelwa ne-HIV
Ukukhulelwa kwesifazane ogciwane lesandulela ngculazi kufanele kuhlale kuqondiswa ochwepheshe, ngoba ngesikhathi sokubeletha umuntu osulelekile kumele ahlale ethatha izidakamizwa ezivimbela umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, okuyinto izikhathi eziningana ezinciphisa amathuba okutheleleka kwengane ye-intrauterine. Owesifazane onomntwana angamthelela ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusuka egazini nge-placenta, kodwa nangesikhathi sokubeletha.
Akuwona wonke amantombazane abelethwe ngumama othelelekile abe yiziphathimandla zokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ingozi yokudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kumntwana ingenye kuya kweyisikhombisa.
Emva kokuzalwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ukutheleleka kwabesifazane kungadlulela kumntwana ngokusebenzisa ubisi lwebele, yingakho bonke omama abane-HIV benqabela ekudleni kwemvelo. Uma owesifazane ethatha zonke izixwayiso ezidingekayo, ingozi yokutheleleka usana isanda ngokuphindwe kabili.