Ngisho nesitshalo esingenakuhlonipha sidinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Futhi imifino enjalo njengeklabishi, ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile, ongadingi umzamo omkhulu, ufanelwe ukunakekelwa. Ukutshala ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho, ukunakekelwa okubuhlungu - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokutshala ngokuphumelelayo iklabishi omhlophe engadini. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi singathola kanjani isivuno esihle.
Ukutshala iklabishi
Kunezici ezithile okudingeka zicatshangelwe. Indlela yokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Iklabishi elimhlophe njengenhlabathi enomanzi, indawo okumele ikhule kufanele ikhethwe endaweni ethile ehlathini.
- Iklabishi idinga ukukhanya, isayithi lokufika kufanele libe nelanga.
- Unezinambuzane eziningi, ngakho awukwazi ukuvuna iklabishi embhedeni owodwa eminyakeni embalwa.
Ngaphambi kokufika, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle inhlabathi. NgoSeptemba, umhlaba kufanele uhlulwe kahle, ushiye umhlabathi ungabi nhlobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iklabishi inomswakama owengeziwe. Entwasahlobo, umhlaba owomile uhlelwe ngokucophelela ngosizo lwe-rakes. Khona iklabishi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile utshalwe emva kwalokhu okuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi ezitshalweni ezivulekile?
Izithombo ezifanele ukutshala zibhekwa kuphela uma zinamaqabunga ama-5-7, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kuyi-12-20 cm ngezinhlobo zokuqala zeklabishi omhlophe, amaqabunga ama-4-6 no-15-20 cm ukukhula ngezikhathi eziphakathi nesikhathi esikude. Ukutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngokujulile kuze kube yiqabunga lokuqala, futhi udinga ukunaka ukuthi iphuzu lokukhula lapho ukutshala kungagcwala inhlabathi. Ukutshala izithombo zeklabishi kuyadingeka kusihlwa, noma kusimo sezulu esibhakabhaka, ukuze imisebe ekhanyayo ilanga ingalimazi isithombo.
Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo zeklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungatshala kanjani iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile ngezithombo, into yokuqala okumele uyihlolisise ubukhulu bemifino. Uma wazi ukuthi kungakanani ukuvuna okuyoba khona, kulula kakhulu ukubala uhlelo - kungcono ukugcina ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlathi emaceleni amabili ekhanda elibizwa ngokuthi ikhanda. Izikimu ezivame kakhulu, njengoba iklabishi ihlala, ukuze ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kube lula, yi-50х50 cm, 40х40 cm, 50х40 cm, 70х30 cm.
Ukushisa kwembewu iklabishi izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Umphumela wokukhishwa iklabishi omhlophe okwamanje uncike ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo. Ngebhande ngalinye, bazobe behlukile, okuwukuphela kokubalulekile okubalulekile ukucabangela ukushisa okumnandi. Ukutshala iklabishi emasimini avulekile emhlabathini kufanele kwenziwe uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lusuku lonke lifinyelela okungenani ama-12-14 degrees.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi endaweni evulekile nembewu?
Uma ungafuni ukuthola izithombo ezilungele ngezizathu eziningana, ungakhula iklabishi endaweni evulekile esuka emhlabathini. Kulesi simo, imbewu ihlala ngqo emhlabathini. Imithetho ebalulekile yokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile ukujula okuncane kwemigodini, 1.5-3 cm Emva kokuvela, iklabishi kumele ihlolwe, ishiye ibanga phakathi kwamahlathi angu-40 cm. Iklabishi ngokwayo, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekileko awuqhubeki ngokuhlukile ukutshala imifino ngendlela yokutshala.
Imigomo yokutshala iklabishi
Isikhathi lapho ama-cabbages angatshala khona emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kube semva, kungenjalo kuyophakama ekushiseni kwenkathi, futhi ilanga elishisayo, cishe, ngeke livumele iklabishi ukuthi ikhule emanzini. Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela imbewu iklabishi - okokuqala kuka-Ephreli, ama-frosts angenakwenzeka ngawo.
Iklabishi ekhulayo ekhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma ungumuntu ongenalwazi ohlala ehlobo, futhi uhlazisa umbuzo wokuthi ungakhulisa kanjani iklabishi endaweni evulekile, ungaphelelwa ithemba - ukumnakekela akuyona umsebenzi owenza ubuhlungu, ngisho noma isisebenzi sekhanda singabhekana kalula nomsebenzi onjalo. Kodwa kuneminye imithetho ebalulekile, ukunamathela okuqinile kuyokunikeza umphumela omuhle wemizamo yakho.
Umhlabathi weklabishi endaweni evulekile
Kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi ngaphansi kweklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile ilula, ikhululekile futhi ihlangene, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukumkhetha isayithi ezweni ngaphandle kwamatshe, isihlabathi nezinye. Enye iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lokunakekelwa - ukukhulula inhlabathi yokutshala iklabishi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi inhle kangakanani, okungenani kanye nezinsuku eziyishumi kuyadingeka ukuyikhulula ehlathini, ukuyigcwalisa nge-oxygen.
Ukunakekela iklabishi ensimini
Ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo ngokuyinhloko kuhlale kukhululeka kwenhlabathi, izinga lokutshala izinga elifanele, ukuchelela okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi kufanele siyibeke kahle - ukhula kufanele luhlanzwe ngokushesha. Zonke ezinye izici ezibalulekile zokunakekela iklabishi endaweni evulekile, sicabangela ngokuningiliziwe.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Inhlabathi enobuthi nemanzi iyisimiso sokubaluleka sokunakekelwa kokukhula okuphumelelayo, nokuphuza iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kwenziwe nsuku zonke, kungcono ukusebenzisa amadivaysi avumela amanzi ukuba aphilise ngendlela efanayo. Ngisho nokuntuleka kwe-liquid kanye nomswakama, iklabishi ingaba lukhuni futhi iyeke ukukhula, futhi ukuphuza okuhle okuhle okungeke kube khona akukwazi ukuthuthukisa isimo.
Kodwa esiteji lapho izithombo zitshalwe kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile, kunezinye imithetho - ngoba izihlahla ezijwayele ukuchelela eziningi ziyingozi futhi zizoholela ekubola nasekufeni kwazo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuqala sokutshala umhlaba kufanele sibe semanzini, futhi ngesikhathi, lapho iklabishi iqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, kufanele inikeze amanzi nsuku zonke.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kweklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu ngaphandle kokudla okuhle, kunzima ukuphatha, futhi iklabishi omhlophe akuyona into ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi ukukhula okusheshayo kobuningi obuhlaza, kubalulekile ukunikeza isitshalo ngesilinganiso esifanele se-nitrogen, futhi uma iklabishi ikhiwa, iklabishi omhlophe idinga kakhulu i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Imithetho eyisisekelo, kunokuba ukondle iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Izitshalo zifakwe kule fossa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ukuhluka kokuqala kokudla kuyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, idinga u-0.5 kg we-humus noma umquba , i-1 isipuni ye-superphosphate nezipuni ezimbili zomlotha, le nhlanganisela isetshenziswa emithonjeni. Inketho yesibili ingxube yokuhlobisa, okuyinto odinga inqwaba ye humus noma umquba kanye nezipuni ezintathu zomlotha, hlanganisa izithako ngenhlabathi futhi uzibeke emigodini.
- Ukudla kokuqala iklabishi. Uma izimbobo zokufika zigcwalisiwe, ungayinqamula. Ukudla kokuqala kumele kuqukethe amanothi amaningi ase-nitrogen asekelwe ekukhuleni okusheshayo.
- Umquba wesibili ukwenziwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili (izinsuku ezingu-10-15) emva kokuxuba okuqala, ama-fertilizer asekelwe ku- Mullein noma umquba wezinkukhu avame ukusetshenziswa.
Ukuze iklabishi yezinhlobo zakamuva, ukondla okwesithathu nowesine kwenziwa, okufaka i-sulfuric acid potassium nomlotha - akusiyo nje umquba womsoco, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokuvikelwa okukanyekanye, i-shrubbery igcwele umlotha. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuseni noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku emva kwemvula, ukuze umlotha uhlale emaqabunga.
Ungakha kanjani iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ukunakekela iklabishi kusho ukusiza isihlahla ukuba senze ikhanda, futhi ukhiye ukushisa okulungile kokukukhuphula. Ukwenza kahle iklabishi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kube embusweni othile wokushisa - ama-14-16 degrees wokushisa phakathi nokukhula kwehlathi. Uma izinga lokubanda likhuphukela emakheni ama-degrees angu-25, ukubunjwa kwekhanda kungahle kunciphise, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile kuyoyithinta isivuno.
Ukuxubha iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukunambitheka kuyindlela ehle kakhulu ekunakekeleni izitshalo, ukusiza kakhulu emsebenzini. Izwe kufanele lilungiswe ekwindla - imibhede yeklabishi ezayo isetshenziswe ngotshani emva kokugubha, i-humus ingathululelwa phezulu, umhlabathi uthola umanyolo phakathi nobusika, kanti entwasahlobo indawo yokukhosela ngeke ivumele ukhula lukhule.
Ngokushesha nje lapho sekufanelekile ukutshala, iklabishi itshalwa izithombo, ukulima nokuqhubeka nokulimala kwenziwa enhlabathini elula, enomanzi. Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ohambelanisiwe kulula kakhulu - udinga nje ukusakaza utshani, wenze umgodi omncane uphinde ugcwalise uhlathini yizo zonke imithetho ngomhlabathi kanye netshani. Esikhathini sokukhula, izithombo azifani nalokho okutshalwe ngendlela evamile, ngaphandle kwamaphuzu abalulekile - inhlabathi igcina umswakama isikhathi eside, okuvumela ukuphuza izithombo ngezikhathi ezithile kancane, kanti inkinga yokhula iyanyamalala ngokuphelele - utshani alubavumeli ukuba bahlume.
Ukuncintisana akufaki isidingo sokutshala izitshalo. Njengomunyu, utshani obusanda kuhlwanyelwa, ukhula, ama-sawdust namaqabunga ezihlahla ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Noma yikuphi okukhethwa kukho, iklabishi ethanda umswakama, ukutshala kanye nokuhlengikaza emhlabathini ovulekile emva kwalokho osekuvele kube lula kakhulu, izothola isivuno esilindelekile.
Izifo zeklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Njengazo ezinye izitshalo ezitshalwayo, iklabishi omhlophe ngezinye izikhathi ingagula, kulezi zimo kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyathelo ezinzima. Izifo zeklabishi ziyakwazi ukubulala ngokuphelele isivuno, wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo kufanele azi mayelana nomdumo wazo.
- Kila. Lesi sifo esingakwesokudla singabizwa ngokuthi siyingozi kakhulu iklabishi. Ezimpandeni zezithombo, kukhuliswa ukukhula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zonke izimpande zishintsha. Kulula kakhulu ukunqoba i-keel - uma uthola izitshalo ezilukhuni ezishiya ngemuva ekukhuleni noma ezifile, masuse ngokushesha emhlabathini, ufafaze i-lime.
- Umbethe ocebile weklabishi. Lesi sifo sithinta izitshalo ezincane ngokuphindaphindiwe, kungabonakala ngamaqabunga, aphuzi noma aphuzi ngokuthinta ngezansi. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-boric acid (isisombululo se-500 ml ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi).
- I-Fusarium. Isifo esivame kakhulu sezitshalo zeklabishi, okulula ukubona ngezindawo eziphuzi phakathi kwama-veins amaqabunga, kancane kancane iqabunga lonke libaphuzi futhi limile. Ngokwesisekelo seklabishi elimele, izindawo ezibomvu zingabonwa, futhi ikhanda livame kakhulu kakhulu futhi lithatha isimo esingavamile. Ukususa lesi sifo kungenzeka kuphela ngokususa amaqabunga abathintekayo.
Ukunakwa okuhlukile kufanelwe izinambuzane zeklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile, ongaphazamisa ukuvunwa konke.
- Ama-Aphid. Izinambuzane ezincane zombala omhlophe-wesiliva zitholakala ngaphansi kweqabunga bese ziphuza ijusi yesitshalo, zibhubhisa isihlahla. Kulula ukuqaphela inkathazo emaqabunga ukuthi kancane kancane alahlekelwe umbala wabo weqiniso, i-curl futhi abune. Ukuze ubhekane nama-aphid eklabishi, lezo zinambuzane zisetshenziswa - isibonelo, i-Carbofos, i-Iskra, i-fumigation nogwayi ingasiza, ukuchelela nge-infusion ye-anyanisi noma i-garlic.
- Iklabishi fly. Ukubonakala kwalesi sinambuzane kuyinzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa kusuka ku -flyfly evamile, ngakho kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyiqaphela. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, indiza ibeka amaqanda emhlabathini, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8, izibungu zidla uhlelo lwempande. Yazi izinambuzane kalula ngokushisa amahlathi, amaqabunga aphansi athola umbala omnyama ompunga. Ukuze ulawulwe kahle ngendiza, isisombululo se-Thiophos se-30% sisetshenzisiwe - ukulungiswa kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi, ukuhlushwa kwezinto eziyi-0.03%, kanti isihlahla esisodwa singama-250 amagremu.