I-Anemia - Izimbangela

Ama-erythrocytes amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aqukethe i-hemoglobin. Bayibophezele ukulethwa kwe-oxygen emaphashini kuzo zonke izitho. I-anemia noma i-anemia yinkinga lapho inombolo yamaseli abomvu egazini ehla noma la maseli aqukethe kancane kunezinga elivamile le-hemoglobin.

I-anemia ihlala yesikhashana, okungukuthi, kuyisifo sesinye isifo esivamile.

Izimbangela ze-anemia

Kunezizathu eziningi zalesi simo, kodwa ezivame kakhulu ziyi:

1. Nciphisa ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli abomvu obomvu ngethambo lomnkantsha. Njengomthetho, kubonakala ngezifo ezingokwemvelo, izifo ezingelapheki, izifo zezinso, izifo ze-endocrine, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamaprotheni.
2. Ukuntuleka emzimbeni wezinto ezithile, ngokuyinhloko - insimbi, kanye ne- vitamin B12 , i-folic acid. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni, i-anemia ingabangelwa ukungabikho kwamavithamini C.
3. Ukubhujiswa (hemolysis) noma ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Kungabonwa ngezifo zenkathazo, izifo ze-hormonal.
4. Ukusuka okunamandla noma okungapheli.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-anemia

1. Ukuntula i-Iron okunempilo. Loluhlobo lwe-anemia luhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka emzimbeni wensimbi, futhi luvame ukubhekwa ngokulahleka kwegazi, kwabesifazane abanenkinga enkulu, kubantu abanamathela ekudleni okuqinile, ngesisu esiswini noma se-duodenal, umdlavuza wesisu.
2. I-anemia enenhliziyo. Olunye uhlobo lokuntuleka kwegazi, okuhambisana nokuntuleka emzimbeni wevithamini B12, ngenxa yokugaya ukudla okuncane.
3. I-anemia ye-aplastic. Ivela ekungabikho noma ukungabi khona kwezicubu ezikhiqiza i-erythrocytes emnothweni wethambo. Ngokuvame kakhulu kubonakala emitholampilo yomdlavuza, ngenxa ye-irradiation, kodwa ingabangela nezinye (isib. Ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali).
4. I-anemia ye-sickle-cell iyisifo esiyinzalo lapho i-erythrocyte inesimo esingavamile (isimo se-crescent).
5. I-anemia ye-Congenital spherocytic. Esinye isifo esidalwa yizifo lapho i-erythrocyte ingavamile (ifomu lendawo ye-biconcave) futhi ifakwa ngokushesha yi-spleen. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwesifo esibonakala ukwanda kwe-spleen, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-jaundice, futhi kungabangela izinkinga nezinso.
6. Ukwelashwa kwemithi yokwelashwa. Kuvela ngenxa yokuphendula komzimba kunoma imuphi umuthi: kungacasulwa yizinhlobo ezithile ze-sulfonamide ngisho ne-aspirin (ngokuzwela okukhulu kumuthi).

Izilinganiso zobunzima be-anemia

I-anemia ihlukaniswe ngokwamazinga okuqina, kuye ngokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin egazini kuncishisiwe (ngesilinganiso sikagremu / litre). Izinkomba ezijwayelekile ziyi: emadodeni avela ku-140 kuya ku-160, kwabesifazane abavela ku-120 kuya ku-150. Ezinganeni, le nkomba incike eminyakeni yobudala futhi ingashintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Ukunciphisa izinga le-hemoglobin elingaphansi kuka-120 g / l linikeza isizathu sokukhuluma nge-anemia.

1. Ifomu elikhanyayo - izinga le-hemoglobin egazini lingezansi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-90 g / l.
2. Ifomu elijwayelekile i-hemoglobin level 90-70 g / l.
3. Ifomu elimangalisayo - izinga le-hemoglobin egazini elingaphansi kuka-70 g / l.

Ezimweni ezinomzimba we-anemia, izimpawu zomtholampilo kungenzeka ukuthi azikho: isidingo somzimba se-oksijeni sinikezwa ngemisebenzi yemisindo ye-cardiovascular and respiratory, okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-erythrocyte. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona isikhumba esikhumbeni, ukhathala okwandayo, isizungu. Ezimweni ezimbi, ukuphelelwa amandla, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-jaundice, nokubukeka kwezilonda emangqamuzaneni emangcwabeni kungenzeka.

Odokotela baxilonga i- anemia futhi banikeze imishanguzo ngesisekelo sezivivinyo zebholabhu.