Ukuba khona komthetho wezomthetho ubuhlobo bezenhlalakahle kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yombuso othuthukile. Ngokomlando, amaqembu ezenhlalo ezibuthakathaka - abesifazane nabantwana - babe nenani elincane lamalungelo nenkululeko, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bahlukunyezwa ngokuqondile, abakwazi ukuzivikela. Yingakho amalungelo amalungu omphakathi obuthakathaka kwakudingeka akhethwe esigabeni esithile. Kuze kube manje, uhlelo lwezomthetho lwamazwe ngabanye luhluke kakhulu, kodwa amalungelo omuntu wonke nenkululeko kufanele ahlonishwe kuyo yonke indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yendawo, ifomu likahulumeni kanye nesistimu yezombangazwe zombuso. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngamalungelo, imisebenzi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yabantwana, kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo ezincane ezinganeni. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yemfundo yezomthetho yabantwana besikole nabasenkulisa .
Amalungelo kanye nemisebenzi yabantwana abancane
Emibonweni yesimanje yomthetho, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamalungelo kwabantwana:
- amalungelo abasebenzi abancane . Ebudlelwaneni bomsebenzi, izingane zilingana namalungelo kubantu abadala, kodwa izinhlobo nemisebenzi yomsebenzi izingane ezingakwazi ukuzenza zilawulwa yizwe (ngokucabangela ingozi, ukulimala nokuyinkimbinkimbi yale misebenzi). Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi abangaphansi kweminyaka basebenzise amalungelo athile maqondana nesikhathi sabo mayelana nobude bamahora okusebenza, amaholide, ukuvikelwa kanye nezimo zokusebenza, njll.
- amalungelo omuntu wezingane ezincane . Lolu hlobo lwamalungelo lubandakanya: ilungelo lokubamba isibongo, igama lokuqala negama lomuntu siqu, ilungelo lokuhlala futhi likhuliswe emndenini, ilungelo lokuhlala kanye nabazali babo, ilungelo lokuxhumana nezihlobo, ilungelo lokuveza imibono yomuntu siqu, ilungelo lokunakekelwa nokugcinwa abazali nabahlobo, ilungelo lokuvikela amalungelo abo, njll;
- amalungelo omphakathi wabantwana . Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amalungelo omhlaba wezingane ezincane, ilungelo lokuthola ifa, ilungelo lezindlu kanye nenxephezelo yengozi. Ngokuphathelene namalungelo omphakathi, imibono emibili inikezwa ngokukhethekile: amandla omthetho kanye namandla omthetho. Amandla omthetho yikhono lomuntu (kungakhathaliseki ubudala) ukuba namalungelo nemisebenzi. Ukuncintisana kusho ikhono lomuntu lokulawula ngokuzimela amalungelo akhe futhi enze imisebenzi yakhe ngezenzo zakhe. Ukuqala komthamo wezomthetho kuhlotshaniswa neminyaka ethile. Imikhawulo enjalo ihlotshaniswa nentuthuko encane yengane kanye nesidingo sokumvikela ezenzweni ezingacatshangelwayo nezinqumo ezingenangqondo.
Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo ezingane ezingaphansi
Yonke ingane, kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma isimo senhlalo, inelungelo lokuvikela amalungelo akhe angokomthetho. Ungakwazi ukuvikela izithakazelo zakho kumuntu noma ngosizo lwabamele. Abamele izingane ezincane, njengombuso, ngabazali babo, abazali abamukelayo, abaqaphi noma abaphathiswa, abazali abamukelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo kwabantwana banga
Uma ukugcwaliseka okunganele (noma ukungenzi ukugcwaliseka) kwabazali (ababheki noma abaphathiswa) bemisebenzi yabo ekukhulisweni kwengane, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo omzali ngabo, ingane encane ingavikela amalungelo akhe omthetho nezithakazelo ngokuzimela. Yonke ingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibudala kangakanani, inelungelo lokufaka isicelo ekuvikeleni amalungelo abantwana, futhi kusukela eminyakeni ethile (ngokuvamile kusukela eneminyaka engu-14), kuye ngokomthetho wezwe lapho umntwana ehlala khona, enkantolo. Kwezinye izimo, ingane encane ingaziwa njengekhono eligcwele ngaphambi kokufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala.