Izinganekwane zaseGibhithe lasendulo ziyathakazelisa futhi zixhunywe ngezinga elikhulu ngezinkulunkulu eziningi. Abantu bazo zonke izenzakalo ezibalulekile noma izenzakalo zemvelo beza nomphathi wabo, kodwa behluke ezimpawu zangaphandle namakhono amakhulu .
Onkulunkulu abakhulu baseGibhithe lasendulo
Inkolo yezwe ibonakala ngokukholelwa kwezinkolelo eziningi, ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuvela konkulunkulu, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ezimelelwa njenge-hybrid yomuntu nesilwane. Onkulunkulu baseGibhithe nokubaluleka kwabo kwakubaluleke kakhulu kubantu, okuqinisekiswa yizethempelini eziningi, izithombe nezithombe. Phakathi kwabo, singakwazi ukubona izithixo eziyinhloko, ezaziphethe izici ezibalulekile zokuphila kwabaseGibithe.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Amon Ra
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lobuNkulunkulu baboniswa njengendoda enekhanda lenqama noma ngokuphelele njengesilwane. Ezandleni zakhe uphethe isiphambano ngophawu, olufanekisela impilo nokungafi. Kulo, onkulunkulu baseGibhithe lasendulo bajoyina u-Amon noRa, ngakho unamandla namandla okubili. Wayesekela abantu, ebasize ezimweni ezinzima, ngakho-ke wanikezwa njengomuntu onakekelayo futhi owenza izinto zonke.
EGibithe lasendulo, unkulunkulu uRa no-Amon bakhanyisa umhlaba, bahamba behamba esibhakabhakeni ngasemfuleni, futhi ebusuku bazama ukubuyela eNayile engaphansi komhlaba ukuze babuyele endlini yabo. Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi nsuku zonke phakathi kwamabili, walwa nenyoka enkulu. Babheka u-Amon Ra umphathi omkhulu wamaharahara. Ezinganekwane, ungabona ukuthi inkolo yalona unkulunkulu ishintsha njalo ukubaluleka kwayo, bese iwa, bese ivuka.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Osiris
EGibithe lasendulo, unkulunkulu wamelwe esithombeni somuntu oboshwe ngesigqoko, okwakungeza ukufana nomama. U-Osiris wayengumbusi we-afterlife, ngakho-ke umqhele wawuhlala umqhele. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zase-Ancient Egypt, lokhu kwakuyinkosi yokuqala kuleli zwe, ngakho-ke ezandleni zifanekisela amandla - isibhamu nenkosi. Isikhumba sakhe simnyama futhi lo mbala ubonisa ukuzalwa kabusha nokuphila okusha. U-Osiris uhamba njalo ngesitshalo, isibonelo, i-lotus, umvini nomuthi.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe wokuzala unamandla amaningi, okungukuthi, u-Osiris wenza imisebenzi eminingi. Wayehlonishwa njengomgcini wezitshalo kanye nemithombo yokukhiqiza yemvelo. U-Osiris wayebhekwa njengomphathi oyinhloko nomvikeli wabantu, kanye nombusi we-afterlife, owahlulela abantu abafile. U-Osiris wafundisa abantu ukuba bahlakulele umhlaba, bakhule amagilebhisi, baphathe izifo ezihlukahlukene futhi benze omunye umsebenzi obalulekile.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Anubis
Isici esiyinhloko salowobuNkulunkulu ngumzimba wendoda enenhloko yombala omnyama noma ijaji. Lesi silwane asikhethwanga ngengozi, iqiniso liwukuthi abaseGibithe bavame ukukubona emathuneni, ngakho bahlotshaniswa nokuphila okulandelayo. Kwezinye izithombe, i-Anubis imelelwe ngokuphelele emfanekisweni wempisi noma i-jackal, elele esifubeni. EGibhithe lasendulo, unkulunkulu wabafileyo onhloko yejaji wayenemithwalo yemfanelo ebalulekile.
- Wavikela amathuna, ngakho-ke abantu bavame ukuthandaza u-Anubis emathuneni.
- Waba yingxenye yokugcoba onkulunkulu namafiriya. Emifanekisweni eminingi, izinqubo zokuminyanisa zazikhona umpristi emasikini enja.
- Umqhubi womphefumulo oshonile wangena ekuphileni okulandelayo. EGibhithe lasendulo bakholwa ukuthi u-Anubis uhambisa abantu enkantolo yase-Osiris.
Walinganisa inhliziyo yomuntu oshonile ukuze anqume ukuthi umphefumulo ufanelwe yini ukungena embusweni olandelayo. Ezikalini ohlangothini olulodwa kufakwe inhliziyo, futhi ngakolunye u - unkulunkulukazi u-Maat ngesimo sezinkuni.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe uSeth
Umeze ubumbano ngomzimba womuntu kanye nenhloko yesilwane esingenganekwane, lapho inja nephepir ihlanganisa khona. Esinye isici esiyingqayizivele yisisindo esinzima. USeth ungumfowabo ka-Osiris futhi ekuqondeni kwabaseGibithe lasendulo kuyinkulunkulu yobubi. Wayevame ukuboniswa ngenhloko yesilwane esingcwele - imbongolo. Babheka uSethi ukuba ngumuntu wempi, isomiso nokufa. Zonke izinhlekelele nezinhlekelele zazibhekiswe kulo mkulunkulu waseGibhithe lasendulo. Akazange alahlekelwe ngoba nje wayebhekwa njengomvikeli omkhulu kaRa ngesikhathi sokulwa ebusuku nenyoka.
UNkulunkulu waseGibhithe wezintaba
LobuNkulunkulu unemizimba eminingana, kodwa odume kakhulu ngumuntu onenhloko yamanga, lapho kungenakuphikwa ukuthi umqhele ukhona. Uphawu lwalo yilanga elinamaphiko aphethwe. Unkulunkulu welanga laseGibithe ngesikhathi sekulwa nehlombe, okwaba uphawu oluphawulekayo emlandweni. Uyisibonakaliso sokuhlakanipha, i-clairvoyance nokuphila okuphakade. EGibhithe lasendulo, i-Eye kaHorus yayigqoke njengesigqoko.
Ngokwezinkolelo zasendulo, Gore wayehlonishwa njengamanye amazwe, okuyinto eya emphanjeni wayo enezintambo ezimbi. Kukhona enye inganekwane, lapho ehamba khona esibhakabhakeni ngesikebhe. UNkulunkulu weLanga laleziNtaba wasiza u-Osiris ukuba avuke, okwatholwa ngakho ngokubonga isihlalo sobukhosi futhi waba umbusi. Wayehlonishwa onkulunkulu abaningi, efundisa ngemilingo nokuhlakanipha okuhlukahlukene.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe uGoeb
Kuze kube manje, izithombe eziningana zangempela zitholwe ngabokuvubukuli. I-geb ingumphathisi womhlaba, amaGibhithe ayefuna ukuwadlulisela wona nasesithombeni sangaphandle: umzimba wanyuka njengethafa, izandla zaphakanyiswa phezulu - ukuzenzisa kwamathafa. EGibithe lasendulo, wayemelwe nomkakhe uNut, umphathi wezulu. Nakuba kunemidwebo eminingi, ulwazi mayelana namandla kaHeba nezindawo azikho okuningi. UNkulunkulu womhlaba eGibhithe wayenguyise ka-Osiris no-Isis. Kukhona inkolo yonke, eyayihlanganisa nabantu abasebenza emasimini ukuzivikela ekulaleni futhi baqinisekise ukuvunwa okuhle.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe uToth
Ubunkulunkulu babemelelwe emibili futhi ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuyizinyoni ze-ibis ezinomlomo omude ogobile. Wayebhekwa njengophawu lokuntwela kokusa kanye ne-harbinger yobuningi. Esikhathini esilandelayo, uThoth wayemelelwe njengengonyama. Kukhona onkulunkulu baseGibhithe lasendulo, abahlala phakathi kwabantu futhi babhekisela kulowo owayengumsizi wokuhlakanipha futhi basiza wonke umuntu ukuba afunde isayensi. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi wafundisa abaseGibhithe incwadi, i-akhawunti, futhi wadala ikhalenda.
Ungunkulunkulu weNyanga futhi ngezigaba zakhe wayehlotshaniswa nokubonwa kwezinkanyezi nezinkanyezi ezihlukahlukene. Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokuba unkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha nemilingo. UThoth wayebhekwa njengomsunguli wemikhosi eminingi yenkolo. Kweminye imithombo ibalwa ngamadlelo wesikhathi. Ethempelini labonkulunkulu baseGibhithe lasendulo, Wabe esehlala endaweni yomlobi, uVier Ra, kanye nomabhalane wezinkantolo zenkantolo.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Aton
Ubunkulunkulu be-disk yelanga, eyayimelwe ngemisebe ngesimo sezintende zezandla, elele emhlabathini nabantu. Lokhu kwahlukana naye kunabanye onkulunkulu abangenakuphikiswa. Isithombe esidumile kakhulu simele ngemuva kwesihlalo sobukhosi saseTutankhamun. Kunombono wokuthi ukukhulekela kwalabuNkulunkulu kwashukumisa ukwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kobukhosi bamaJuda. Lo unkulunkulu welanga eGibhithe uhlanganisa izici zesilisa nabesifazane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Esetshenziswe esikhathini esidlule kusekhona isikhathi esinjalo - "i-Silver Aton", eveze inyanga.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe uPtah
Ubunkulunkulu babemelwe ngesimo somuntu ongafani nabanye abazange bagqoke umqhele, futhi ikhanda lakhe laligcwele ikhanda elibonakala sengathi liyisigqoko. Njengabanye onkulunkulu baseGibhithe lasendulo abahambisana nomhlaba (Osiris noSokar), uPtah ugqoke esiqongweni, esingahle sishaye kanye namakhanda. Ukufaniswa kwangaphandle kwaholela ekuhlanganisweni komunye oyedwa ovamile uPtah-Sokar-Osiris. AbaseGibhithe babembheka njengonkulunkulu omuhle, kodwa izimboni eziningi zakuvubukuli ziphikisa lokhu, njengoba izithombe zitholakala lapho emele khona njengento encane yokunyathela izilwane.
U-Ptah ungumgcini ohloniphekile womuzi waseMemphis, lapho kwakukhona inkolelo yokuthi wadala konke emhlabeni ngomandla wokucabanga nezwi, ngakho wayebhekwa njengomdali. Wayexhumana nezwe, indawo yokungcwaba kwabafileyo kanye nemithombo yokuzala. Enye indawo yePtah ungunkulunkulu wezobuciko waseGibhithe, ngakho-ke wayebhekwa njengomshicileli nomdwebi wesintu, futhi futhi ungumphathi wabasebenzi.
Unkulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Apis
AbaseGibithe babe nezilwane eziningi ezingcwele, kodwa inkunzi ehlonishwa kakhulu kwakungu-Apis. Waba nomzimba wangempela futhi wabhalwa ngezibonakaliso ezingu-29 ezaziwa ngabapristi kuphela. Bakhetha ukuzalwa komuntu omusha ngesimo senkunzi emnyama, futhi kwakuwumkhosi odumile waseGibhithe lasendulo. Le nkunzi yahlelwa ethempelini futhi yayizungezwe udumo lwaphezulu kuyo yonke impilo yakhe. Kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wezolimo, u-Apis wayeboshwe, futhi uFaro wayala umgodi. Lokhu kwanikeza isivuno esihle esikhathini esizayo. Ngemuva kokufa kwenkunzi, bangcwatshwa kakhulu.
U-Apis - unkulunkulu waseGibhithe, ohlonipha ukuzala, waboniswa ngesikhumba esimhlophe seqhwa esinamabala amnyama amnyama futhi inombolo yakhe yayinqunywe ngokuqinile. It inikezwa ngezintambo ezahlukene, ezihambisana nemikhosi ehlukene yemikhosi. Phakathi kwempondo kukhona i-disk yelanga yohlu uRa. Ngisho no-Apis wayengathatha isimo somuntu ngenhloko yenkomo, kodwa ukumela okunjalo kwandiswe esikhathini esizayo.
I-Pantheon yabonkulunkulu baseGibhithe
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempucuko yasendulo, kwavela inkolelo emaHhovisi aphakeme. I-pantheon yayakhiwe onkulunkulu abanamakhono ahlukene. Abazange baphathe abantu ngomusa njalo, ngakho abaseGibithe bakha amathempeli ngokuhlonipha kwabo, balethe izipho futhi bathandaza. I-pantheon yonkulunkulu baseGibhithe inegama elingaphezu kwama-2 000, kodwa iqembu eliyinhloko lingathiwa lilinganiselwa ngaphansi kwekhulu kubo. Ezinye izithixo zazikhulekelwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile noma ezizweni. Enye iphuzu elibalulekile - ubuholi obuphezulu bungashintsha ngokuya ngamandla amakhulu ezombusazwe.