Umthetho we-Weber-Fechner ukutholakala okubaluleke kunayo yonke emkhakheni we-psychophysics, osivumela ukuba sibonise ukuthi yini engabonakali ukuvumela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokubaluleka, okungukuthi, ukuzwa komuntu.
Umthetho oyisisekelo we-psychophysical we-Weber-Fechner
Okokuqala, ake sicabangele izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kule nkulumo. Umthetho we-Weber-Fechner uthi ukuqina komzwelo womuntu kuqhathaniswa ne-logarithm yokuqina okukhulu. Akudingeki ukuthi, kusukela okokuqala ukukhishwa okunjalo komthetho we-Weber-Fechner kubonakala kusabisa, kodwa empeleni, konke kulula.
Emuva kwekhulu le-19, usosayensi u-E. Weber wakwazi ukukhombisa ngosizo lwezinyathelo eziningana zokuvuselela okusha, ukuze umuntu aqonde ukuthi uhlukile kulowo owedlule, kufanele abe nomthelela umahluko owedlule ngenani elilingana nesisusa sokuqala.
Njengesibonelo esilula salesi sitatimende, ungaletha noma yiziphi izifundo ezimbili ezinomqondo othize. Kumuntu angababona ehlukile ngesisindo, okwesibili kufanele kube yi-1/30.
Esinye isibonelo singanikezwa ekukhanyeni. Ukuze umuntu abone umehluko ekukhanyeni kwama-chandeliers amabili, ukukhanya kwawo kufanele kuhluke ngo-1/100. Okungukuthi, i-chandelier yama-12 ama-light azohluka kancane ukusuka kulowo okukodwa okungeziwe khona, futhi umklamo wesibani esisodwa, okungeziwe kuwo, uzonikeza ngokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu. Naphezu kokuthi isibhamu esisodwa kuphela sengeziwe kuzo zombili izimo, umehluko wokukhanyisa uzoboniswa ngokuhlukile, ngoba kungukulinganisa kwesimo sokuqala kanye nesilandelayo esibalulekile.
Umthetho we-Weber-Fechner: ifomula
Ukubunjwa esixoxe ngakho ngenhla kusekelwa ifomula ekhethekile eveza isenzo somthetho we-Weber-Fechner we-psychophysical. Ngo-1860, uFechner wakwazi ukwakha umthetho othi amandla okuzwa p ahambisana ne-logarithm ye-stimulus intensity S:
p = k * log {S} \ {S_0}
lapho i-S_0 iyinani elikhombisa ukubaluleka kwesikhuthazo: uma uS
Ukuze uzwisise lo mthetho, umqondo walokho okubizwa okuthiwa umbundu, osungulwe ngenqubo yezifundo zengqondo, kubaluleke kakhulu.
Amaphesenti we-Weber-Fechner zomthetho izinzwa
Ngokulandelayo, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuqina okukhona okwenziwe ukucasula kwakudinga ukufezwa kwezinga elithile, ukuze umuntu abe nethuba lokuzwa umphumela walo. Umthelela onjalo obuthakathaka, ohlinzeka ngokuzwa okungaqondakali, ubizwa ngokuthi umngcele ophansi wezwa.
Kukhona nezinga elinjalo lethonya, emva kwalokho izinzwa azikwazi ukwandisa. Kulesi simo, sikhuluma ngomngcele ongaphezulu wezwa. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lethonya umuntu azizwa kuphela futhi isikhathi phakathi kwalezo zimbonakaliso ezimbili, okuyinto ngenxa yalezi zibizwa ngokuthi izingqimba zangaphandle zensimu.
Umuntu akanakusiza ukusho ukuthi akukho ukulinganisa ngokuzwakalayo kwezwi phakathi kokuqina kokuzwa nokucasuka futhi
Kulesi simo, sikhuluma ukuthi ukwanda kwentukuthelo kunamandla kakhulu. Isamba lapho ukukhushulwa kwandisa khona kubizwa ngokuthi umbandela wokubandlulula. Ngakho-ke kulandela ukuthi ukucasuka okunamandla okuncane kakhulu okuphambene nendawo, futhi kunamandla amakhulu kakhulu we-supramarginal. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lalezi zikhombisi lixhomeke ekuzweleni ngokuqondene nokubandlululwa - uma ubuzwe bokucwaswa buphakeme, khona-ke ukucwaswa, ngokulandelanayo, kunciphile.