Imiphakathi yasendulo iyimfihlakalo futhi iyathakazelisa, ngakho-ke amaphiramidi kaMayan awaphuli inqwaba yabososayensi. Ama-anti-puzzles asendulo aqala kancane, evumela ukufunda amaqiniso amasha.
Konke okuxhunyaniswe nempucuko yamaMaya kungokwemvelo engaqondakali, okufanela ikhalenda yabo kuphela, eyayijabulisa umhlaba wonke ngokubikezela mayelana nokuphela kwezwe (ukubonga uNkulunkulu ukuthi akukho okufezekile)! Manje hhayi ngalokhu, into esasiyikhathalela yayiyimipiramidi yamaMayan, ebhekwa njengenye yezimangaliso zomhlaba.
Njalo ngonyaka, izigidi zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke zifuna iMexico ukuthi zithinte umlando wasendulo, futhi ososayensi baqhubeka nezingxoxo zabo mayelana nenhloso eyinhloko, ubudala, izindlela zokwakha nezinye izici zalezi zakhiwo.
Zingaki iminyaka yamaphiramidi kaMayan, futhi kungani kwakhiwa?
Ucwaningo oluningi lwezakhiwo zasendulo aluzange lunikeze imiphumela futhi ubudala babo obuqondile abukwazanga ukunqunywa. Uma ugxila ekukhunjweni okutholakala ematheksthini amaMaya, iningi lalezi zakhiwo lakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu edlule. Kunombono omkhulu wezinkomba ezichaza ukuvela kwezizwe zamaMaya kanye nemizi yazo: luhlobo lobuhlobo bezizwe ezahlukene ze-Old World noma abantu abadalwa yimpucuko yangaphandle.
Uma ngaphambili kwakukholelwa ukuthi imibhoshongo yayakhiwa kuphela ngentando yababusi noma abapristi abakhulu, emva kokutadisisa ngokucophelela izakhiwo nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, kwaqedwa ukuthi amathempeli emipiramidi ayengakha kanye nemiphakathi yasemaphandleni ngokuhlonipha abanye onkulunkulu.
Yini emangalisa ngamapiramidi kaMayan?
Ukuqapha okukhulu kunifanele umfula weKukulkan, oqukethe amapulatifomu ayisishiyagalolunye, azungezwe izitebhisi nxazonke zomjikelezo. Ehlangothini ngalunye lwezinyathelo ezingu-91, okuphelele kunika 364, futhi le nombolo ilingana nenani lezinsuku ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitebhisi ezinkulu zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezingu-18 ezihambisana nenyanga yonyaka, ngemuva kwalokho, ikhalenda yamaMaya yayinezinyanga ezingu-18 kuphela.
Okungajwayelekile isiteji, ngoba uma ibhekwa kusuka ngezansi, ayizizwa inombono, futhi kubonakala sengathi ububanzi bazo zonke izinyathelo kuyafana. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi i-elekthi ikhula phezulu ukuze inxephezele ngokunembile umphumela wombono. Ososayensi bahlaselwa amaqiniso anjalo: lokhu kungabalwa kanjani ngalezo zinsuku?
Kufanelekile ukunaka indawo ngqo yendawo yemipiramidi, enezinhlangothi zazo ezinxenyeni ezine zomhlaba. Isakhiwo sinemithamo eyisishiyagalolunye, ehambisana nezizinda zombuso wabafileyo.
Le phiramidi yaseKukulkan yayakhiwe ngenhlonipho yenyoka enezinyosi, njengoba kuboniswa izinhloko ezimbili zezinyoka ezisezinyaweni. Enye into ekhangayo ihlotshaniswa nenyoka, eheha izigidi zezivakashi. Ngenxa yomdlalo wezingcingo zama-sun amahora amahora amathathu, umuntu angabona isithombe senyoka enonya enomhlathi ovulekile ohamba kusukela ezinyaweni kuya phezulu. Abantu abakholelwa emlenzeni baqiniseka ukuthi lo Nkulunkulu unikeza abantu uphawu.
Ososayensi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani ukulinganisa okunjalo okuklama, ngoba ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kungabhubhisa ngokuphelele umbono wangempela. Ukuba ne-topographers kanye ne-astronomers abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, ungafinyelela kulo mphumela. Ngendlela, lokhu akusiyo kuphela isibonelo sezinto "ezingabonakali" zokungabonakali. Kukhona ithempeli elidumile lamadonki ayisikhombisa, elibizwa ngokuthi izibalo ezihlobisa ezisezindongeni. Lapha, ngosuku lwentwasahlobo yokushisa, ilanga likhanya phakathi kwamafasitela amabili asezindongeni eziphambene nethempeli.
Le phiramidi, esedolobheni laseChichen Itza, isinezinto ezihlukile ze-acoustic. Ukuba ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ungazwa imisindo yenyoni engcwele kunamanyathelo avamile ezitebhisini. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le mpumelelo ifinyelelwa ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bezindonga.
Isayithi eliphakathi kwamathempeli lenza kube lula ukuxhumana kude namamitha angu-150, kepha imisindo eyenziwa ngabantu ayizwakali kwabanye uma bengemi eceleni kwengxoxo. Nansi ifoni enjalo yamatshe. Njengoba kwakhiwa amaMaya, noma lo mphumela ukuhlanganiswa okuvamile kwezimo, kuze kube yilapho kungenzeka khona ukucacisa. Kodwa ukutholakala okwesabekayo okwedlula kungakabikho.
Ubufakazi bokubamba iqhaza kwemiphakathi yasemaphandleni ekudalweni kwamaphiramidi aseMayan
Ubukhulu obukhulu be-pyramid, izibalo ezinembile, izimo ezingaqondakali - konke lokhu kunikeza umhlabathi wokucubungula inguqulo mayelana nokuzibandakanya kwemiphakathi yasemaphandleni. Yiziphi izibalo ezitholwa ososayensi emipiramidi. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka, kepha kuyiqiniso - imelelwe ngabantu ababukeka njengabafokazi ezindaweni zokupakisha.
Kuphi ngalezo zinsuku amaMeya angaziwa ngalokhu okuvikelayo? Ukucaciswa kwama-hieroglyphs nemithombo ehlukahlukene yemlando kubonisa ukuthi lezi zidalwa zasendulo zazibheka onkulunkulu bamandulo onkulunkulu bazo.
Isenzakalo esilandelayo esilandelayo, esasimangalisa ngempela ososayensi abaningi, satholakala emiphongolweni enkulu kunazo zonke iTeotihuacan.
Phakathi kwamazinga ayo amabili kwafunyanwa ungqimba lwe-mica ngamasentimitha ayisikhombisa. Amanye ama-slabs anjalo atholakale ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ezingenakonakala ezitholakala emnyango wethempeli.
Namuhla, lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukufaka i-insulator kagesi, ngoba ibambelela kahle nge-neutron. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakristalu akwazi ukugcina nokudlulisa ulwazi oluningi futhi athole amandla. Abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani bebadingeka, nokuthi uMaya wasebenzisa kanjani.
Uma ungabaza ukuthi le mpucuko yasendulo inexhumano nabafokazi, khona-ke nenye iqiniso elishaqisayo nelingaqondakali. Kukhona umlando wokuthi onkulunkulu banikeza abantu abangu-13 izingulube ezingcwele kusuka crystal, futhi uma behlanganiswa, ungathola amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi uxhumane namandla aphezulu.
Ngo-1927, abavubukuli bathola edolobheni lasendulo lamaMaya i-skull elenziwe nge-quartz epholile. Izinga elimangazayo lokucubungula, elitholakali ngisho nasezibuchwepheshe zanamuhla. Unyaka wakhe uneminyaka eyi-5-35 eyinkulungwane, nesisindo - 5 kg. Ezisekelweni zamehlo ze-skull, uhlelo lwama-lens nama-prisms lwakhiwe ngaphakathi, okubangela imiphumela engavamile yokukhanya.
Ukwaziswa okulandelayo - hhayi okwezinhliziyo eziphelile, ngoba kule ndawo efanayo ukuhambela kutholakale i-amphitheatre yamasaka omzimba asetshenzisweni. Futhi lapho abavubukuli bethatha ikhanda eliyingqayizivele, khona-ke amalungu alo mkhankaso aqala ukunyamalala ubusuku bonke, futhi atholakala enkundleni yemidlalo engenamakhanda. Lezi yiqiniso, hhayi izindabakwane.
Phakathi nonyaka, emipiramidi ehlukene, ososayensi bathola amanye ama-skulls afanayo. Kunenguqulo ukuthi yizingxenye ezithile zokufakwa, okwenza abapristi bakwazi ukuxhumana nemimoya.
Lokhu akusikho konke okuphakamisa ukubamba iqhaza ekusungulweni kwamapiramidi aseMayan abafokazi. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ososayensi bakwazi ukuhlola imizila engaphansi komhlaba ekhona ethempelini le-Sun. Ngazo ungaya emhumeni ongavamile, onokuma kwekamelo elinamafutha amane. Manje lungele - kukhona ososayensi bathole izingxenye zezibuko kanye nesistimu yokupholisa amanzi enamandla, indalo abantu basendulo abangenayo ukuhlakanipha okwanele noma amandla.
Imishini enjalo iphoqa umbono wokuthi amapiramidi aseMeya ayenenjongo yobuchwepheshe, isibonelo, ayeyiziteshi zemikhumbi engaphandle. Nakhu kudingeke ukukhulume ngenye into engavamile: uma ubheka ipiramidi ye-Sun nomakhelwane ekubukeni kwamehlo, khona-ke ukuhlelwa kwazo zonke izinto kufana nebhodi lebhodi le-computer.
Ucwaningo luqhubeka, mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kakhulu sizothola ubufakazi obusha bokuthi ezinye imiphakathi zikhona futhi zisebenzisana nezwe lethu.