Umuntu uzalwa ukuze abone umhlaba kuyo yonke imibala yawo. Umbono uyisipho esibaluleke kakhulu, esiphila kuzo emvelweni, sifunde ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Ithuba lokubona livulela ithuba elikhulu lokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi. Ukuhlakanipha kwabantu bathi: "Kungcono ukubona kanye ..."
Izindlela zokulungiswa kombono
Eminyakeni edlule, kufanele ugxilise amehlo akho kaningi ukuze uhlukanise kalula izinto ezithile noma ukugxila "isithombe" esicacile. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu abadala aseplanethi ihlushwa izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukumeza. I-ophthalmology yanamuhla ine-arsenal yezindlela eziningi ezihloswe ngazo ukulungisa umbono.
Ukuhlinzwa kweso
Enye yezindlela zokuqala zokulungisa ukukhubazeka okubukwayo yi-keratectomy. Wathola udumo olukhulu emhlabeni ngenxa yentuthuko yesayense ye-academician SN. Fedorov. I-pathologies ebonakalayo yeso yayilungiswa ngokucubungula kwendawo e-cornea ngosizo lwezinsimbi ezikhethekile ze-microsurgical. Ngaleso sikhathi, le ndlela yakhiqiza imiphumela emihle, kodwa yayinezinkinga ezinkulu ngendlela yokucindezeleka ngemuva kokusebenza.
Ekuhlinzekeni kwamanje okweqile, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-intraocular encane okungavamile kuyenzeka lapho kwenzeka khona izinga eliphezulu lokubukeka okubonakalayo, lapho ukulungiswa kwelasi kuthathwa njengokungafanelekile. Uma isiguli sithola ukuthi sinesifo esibucayi sezilonda ezidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu, khona-ke ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ekwenzeni i-cornea ngokusebenzisa ukufakelwa.
Ukulungiswa kombono we-Laser
Le ndlela ngokuqinisekile iyathuthuka kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ikuvumela ukuba ushintshe isimo se-cornea yesiguli nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-pathology ye-refractive, usebenzisa i-laser eximer. Inzuzo eyinhloko yale nqubo ukufaneleka kwayo, ukwethenjelwa nokusebenza kahle. Isimiso sokusebenza sale nqubo silula:
- I-beam laser directional isusa isendlalelo engenhla cornea, ukwakha uhlobo shred.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwe-cornea ngokwayo kuguqulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono layo lokubamba.
- Isigaba sokugcina sokusebenza sihilela ukufakwa kwesibhakabhaka sokuqala sendawo yangaphambili.
Ngemuva kokulungiswa kombono ngokuhlinza laser, isiguli singakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha ukusebenza kwayo. Kuyenziwa ngesisekelo sokuphulukiswa komzimba, kuqhubeka cishe imizuzu engu-20 futhi akudingi inqubo yokuthola isikhathi eside. Izikhungo zesimanje ze-ophthalmology zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinza laser:
- I-PRK noma i-keratectomy ye-photorefractive;
- Ubuchwepheshe be-LASIK nezinhlobo zayo zanamuhla.
Xhumana nokulungiswa kwombono
Le ndlela ihambelana kakhulu neziguli ezithintekayo ekungeneni kokuhlinzwa. Basebenzisa ngempumelelo i-lens yokulungisa amehlo, ezenziwe ngezinto ezilula. Izinkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke ngegama lomhlaba minyaka yonke zikhiqiza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokulungiswa kwemakethe yokuxhumana ye-myopia, i-hyperopia noma i-astigmatism emakethe yabathengi.
Ungakhetha usuku olulodwa, ukuphuthumisa noma amalensi okugqoka isikhathi eside. Lezi zinto azikwazi kuphela ukuthuthukisa amehlo, kodwa futhi zisiza ukuhola indlela yokuphila evamile. Zincane (kufika ku-1 mm) futhi aziqondi kahle emehlweni. Ungaphuli futhi ungaphuli njengesibuko sezibuko, futhi ubheke kahle. Ama-lens othintana nawo anqunyelwe iziguli ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe ukukhwabanisa.
Indlela yokulungisa umbono ekhaya?
Ngeshwa, ama-lens noma izibuko zokuxhumana azikwazi ukuphulukisa ngokuphelele i-eye pathology. Lezi zindlela ziyi-prostheses yasekuqaleni esiza nje ukuba isebenze esithombeni esibuthakathaka. Ngisho nokusebenza kwe-laser akusho njalo ukunikeza umphumela we-100%. Ukubuyiselwa kombono kubalulekile ukwenza ngokwakho, ngomzamo omkhulu nomsebenzi. Ukuzimisela nokubekezela kuphela kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa isimo samehlo.
Into engcono kakhulu yokulungiswa kombono ekhaya ukulandela ukudla okudingayo ukufaka imikhiqizo esiza ukugcina umbono wakho, kanye nokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene nokusebenzisa umzimba okhethekile. Ukulwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-refractive kufanele kuqaliswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka - lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
Indlela yokulungisa umbono nge-myopia?
Umuntu ophethwe yi-myopia akakwazi ukubona ngokucacile izinto ezikude naye. Loluhlobo lwe-pathology of refraction lune-etiology elandelwayo noma etholakalayo, futhi luthinta inani labantu abaningi emhlabeni. Ukwelapha i-myopia, odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Ukulungiswa okubonakalayo kwalesi sifo kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu futhi kuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezibuko, ukuxhumana no-orthokeratol lens.
Ngosizo lwalezi zinsuku, ukulungiswa kombono ebusuku kwenziwa, okuyinto enhle emkhakheni we-ophthalmology. Ukwelapha okubhebhethekileko kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amalensi ekhethekile ebusuku, okwenziwa isiguli emva kokulala futhi akudingi izibuko zelanga ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngenxa yale ndlela, inqubo yokuqhubekela phambili kwe-myopia ingamiswa.
Ungayilungisa kanjani amehlo ekubukeni?
Iziguli ezinalolu hlobo lwe-pathology zilahlekelwa ikhono lokuhlukanisa ngokucacile izinto, kokubili ukusuka kude nokude. I-Hypermetropia yimbangela evamile yokunciphisa ubuciko obubonakalayo kubantu abaneminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Izindlela zokwelapha zalesi sifo azifani nalabo okuchazwe ngenhla. Umehluko nje kuphela ekunqumeni umgomo wokugcina - ikhono lokudlulisa isithombe sezinto ezigxile endaweni eseceleni kweso kuya kwi-retina. Kufezwa ngokuhlinzwa noma okungavunyelwe ukuhlinzwa. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amehlo ngemuva kokulungiswa kombono adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuqeqeshwa.
Ngingayilungisa umbono wami ngokuzivocavoca?
Ngesikhathi usendlini, ungazama ukuthuthukisa amehlo akho ngosizo lwezivivinyo ezikhethekile. Basiza ukukhulula ukungezwani nokusheshisa inqubo yokubuyisela ukukhishwa okujwayelekile nokuhlala. Inhloso eyinhloko yalokhu kuqeqeshwa "ukuphambanisa" imisipha ebuthakathaka yamehlo. Akuthatha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa kusebenza kahle. Yenza umsebenzi ngamunye kufanele ube izikhathi ezingu-7-8. Ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi, phumula amehlo akho, uwahlanganise ngezandla ezifudumele.
Lapha, yikuphi ukuzivocavoca ukuthuthukisa umbono kunconywa ochwepheshe:
- Khipha kancane kancane amehlo akho, uphakamise, bese wehlisa phansi.
- Gcina ikhanda lakho iqonde. Kulesi sikhundla, hambisa amehlo akho ngakwesobunxele nakwesokudla.
- Ngomzuzu owodwa, gwema amehlo akho ngokwemvelo.
- "Dweba" isikwele esingacabangi, bese ubeka izinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili noma ucabange ukudayela ngehora, "ubale" amehlo akho njalo ngehora embuthanweni.
Kungenzeka yini ukulungisa umbono ngezingilazi?
Iilazi zokulungiswa kombono yindlela elula kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu. Lezi zinto zokusebenza eziwusizo zisiza ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo ze-anomaly yokubhuka. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukugxila ngokuqondile isithombe esibukwayo kwi-retina yeso. Ophthalmologists batusa ukugqoka izibuko ngezinga eliphezulu le-myopia, i-hyperopia noma i- astigmatism .
Ukulungiswa kwe-Ocular kubhekwa njengendlela ehlukile kulabo abagulayo abaphikisana ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokungenela okuhlinzayo. Kodwa ama-lens wezibuko akhethwa udokotela ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokusizwa ophthalmologist, kulokhu ngeke kusebenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezinselelo zaloluhlobo lokulungiswa kombono ukubonakala kwendawo (ukulinganisa okubheka eceleni).