Umshado ongathandeki kuyindawo engafanele ingane, okuyinto ethinta kabi isimo sakhe sengqondo nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Ngezinkinga ezinjalo, isehlukaniso yisona kuphela isinqumo esifanele, kodwa ukutholakala kwezingane ezincane ezivamile kuyinkimbinkimbi inqubo. Uhlelo lwezokwahlulela kunoma yiliphi izwe livikela izithakazelo namalungelo ezakhamizi ezincane ngokuyinhloko.
Indlela yokufaka isicelo sesahlukaniso uma kukhona izingane ezincane?
Lesi simo asihlinzeki ngokukhansela kwesuku ezingu-30 zomshado ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokurekhoda (ukurekhoda) izenzo zokuguquka kwesimo somphakathi (ihhovisi lokubhalisa, i-RAGS). Ukuhlukaniswa kwabashadile abanezingane ezincane kwenziwa ikakhulu yinkantolo. Inguqulo elula ivunyelwe kuphela uma omunye wabahlanganyeli enqubo:
- yanyamalala;
- okungekho emthethweni;
- usejele (kusukela eminyakeni emithathu).
Kwezinye izimo, ukukhishwa kwesahlukaniso phambi kwezingane ezincane kwenziwa yinkantolo yesifunda. Noma yiyiphi yababambisene nabo ingaba umqalisi wenqubo uma ingane ngayinye ingaphezu konyaka emndenini. Isimangalo esivela kumuntu asamukelekile uma enquma ukuhlukanisa nomkakhe okhulelwe noma ukuhamba njengobaba wengane. Kuzodingeka silinde kuze kube yilapho ingane ishintsha izinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala noma uthole imvume yowesifazane ekuqedeni komshado.
Umyalelo wehlukaniso phambi kwezingane ezincane
Umthetho uhlinzekela ukuhlukahlukana okusheshayo, ngakho-ke izinhlangothi zombili zinikezwa isikhathi sokuxoxisana nokuxoxisana. Inqubo yesehlukaniso phambi kwengane encane kuthatha okungenani inyanga eyodwa, kodwa kaningi ihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abalingani bazobambisana nokuxazulula izingxabano zempahla kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo, bathathe isinqumo esitokisini.
Ukuhlukanisa kwenzeka kanjani uma kunezingane ezincane:
- Ukulungiselela yonke imibhalo edingekayo.
- Ukubhala nokuthumela isicelo.
- Ukucatshangwa kwesibalo somlobi wenkantolo.
- Nika ukulalela uma idokhumenti ivunyelwe. Ngezinye izikhathi imihlangano embalwa ephindaphindiwe iyadingeka.
- Ukubhaliswa kwesitifiketi.
Amadokhumenti esahlukaniso phambi kwezingane ezincane
Ukuze unobhala wenkantolo avume futhi avume isicelo, kubalulekile ukulungiselela amaphepha engeziwe. Uma ufaka isicelo sokuhlukanisa phambi kwezingane ezincane kanye nekhophi yayo, imibhalo elandelayo ifakwe kuyo:
- irisidi yokukhokha okuphelele kwemali eyabelwe;
- okokuqala kanye nekhophi yesenzo sokungena emshadweni wamanje;
- okukhishwe ebhukwini lendlu yokubhalisa;
- ipasipoti kanye nekhophi eqinisekisiwe;
- ubufakazi (original) mayelana nokuzalwa kwazo zonke izingane ezikhona.
Ijaji lingabuye licele ukucacisa amadokhumenti: isakhiwo sempahla, imibiko yezokwelapha kanye nabanye. Ukwahlukanisa phambi kwezingane ezincane kuyinkqubo ephelele futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ilungu lomthetho kufanele libhekelele futhi livikele izithakazelo zengane ngayinye. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kudinga ukuthola isikhundla sezimali sommangalelwa kanye nommangalelwa, ukubeka inhlalakahle yabo yezenhlalakahle kanye nokubonakala kwabo kokuziphatha.
Isicelo sokuhlukanisa nomntwana omncane - isampula
Kule mithetho ayikho imithetho eqinile yokubhalisa idokhumenti yomthetho echazwe. Isitatimende sokwenza isahlukaniso nezingane (isibonelo ngezansi) kufanele sibe nolwazi:
- igama, ikheli lenkantolo;
- idatha kummangalelwa, ummangali (ukubhalisa, indawo yokuhlala yangempela, igama, isibongo kanye ne-patronymic);
- usuku, indawo yomshado;
- izisusa zokuhlukanisa;
- izizathu zokuthi awukwazi ukuhlukanisa ngaphandle kokuvivinywa;
- ulwazi mayelana nengane ngayinye;
- ukucaciswa kwempahla ehlanganisiwe etholakala ngokuhlanganyela;
- isicelo esiqondile sokuqala kwenqubo yesehlukaniso;
- uhlu lwamadokhumenti anamathiselwe;
- isignesha;
- usuku.
Ukwahlukanisa phambi kwezindlu zokuhlala kanye nezingane ezincane
Lapho izindlu ezihlangene zithengwa ngesikweletu, izibopho zomhlaba zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isehlukaniso, uma kukhona ingane encane, ithinta kuphela inani lesabelo somhlanganyeli ngamunye. Ngokusatshalaliswa kokugcina kwesikhala sokuhlala kanye nenani lokukhokha, ibhange libhekwa ukuthi ngubani ozoba ngumlondolozi. Uma indlu ye-studio ithengwa ngesikweletu , lesi sigaba asiqalisiwe. Kuhlala ukuhlala nomzali obhekene nezingane. Umlingani wesibili angaxoshwa ngenxephezelo, noma umfazi wangaphambili nomyeni bakhe bafuna ezinye izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga.
Ukuhlukana ngokubambisana phambi kwabantwana abancane
Ngokuvamile bobabili bobabili bayazi ukuthi akukhuthazwa ukuba baqhubeke behlala ndawonye. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inqubo yesehlukaniso phambi kwezingane ezingaphansi kwezingane isheshe kakhulu. Indoda nowesifazane benza isivumelwano ngokusatshalaliswa kwempahla kusengaphambili futhi bavumelana nesiqiniseko sokuqapha kanye nokunye. Ijaji elihlangene lenziwa, futhi isahlukaniso ngesinqumo esisodwa lapho kubhekene nezingane ezincane kuqinisekiswa enkantolo yomhlaba. Inqubo yonke futhi ukuthola isitifiketi salokhu kuthatha cishe inyanga.
Abantwana abancane bahlala nobani emshadweni?
Lo mbuzo othakazelisayo ucatshangwa kuye ngokuthi kunama-nuances amaningi. Imithetho yokwahlukanisa phambi kwezingane ezincane iqukethe ubufakazi bokuthi abazali bobabili banamalungelo afanayo okukhulisa izindlalifa. Isinqumo sokulondoloza senziwa ngesisekelo sezici ezilandelayo:
- isifiso sikababa nomama ukuhlala nomntwana;
- amathuba empahla;
- impilo, ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo yabazali;
- ukulutha okulimazayo, ukuqhuma kobudlova nomunye wabalindi;
- imvelo (izihlobo, abangane).
Uma isahlukaniso sibhekene nezingane ezincane ezenziwe ngokusemthethweni ngokubamba iqhaza kwentsha (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ubudala), ijaji kanye ne-ejensi yokuqapha iyobuza, ukuthi ubani nokuthi kungani bafuna ukuphila. Izingane zivame ukushiya owesifazane ngokuhambisana neSimemezelo Samalungelo Ezingane (esayinwe ngoNovemba 20, 1959). Ikhuluma ukuthi izingane ezincane akufanele zihlukaniswe nomama ngezinye izinto ezingavamile.