Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuyinkqubo ende, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethakazelisayo. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kweqanda elincane kanye nesidoda ezinyangeni ezingu-9 nje kuphela umuntu omusha uzozalwa. Ekuthuthukiseni kwayo, ingane ezayo izohamba ngezigaba eziningana, futhi okuthiwa izikhathi ezibucayi zokuthuthukiswa kombungu, futhi izobizwa njalo ngokuthi umbungu womuntu noma umbungu, isithelo, kuze kufike ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kombungu
Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu womuntu kuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-spermatozoon kanye ne-ovum ngokubunjwa kwe-zygote, okuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukudlula izigaba eziningana. Ngosuku lwesine luhlobo lwe-raspberry berry ngesimo, futhi luqukethe amaseli angu-58. Kulawa maseli, kuzodingeka ama-5 ukudala i-placenta, i-chorion ne-umbilical cord, i-53 esele - izohlinzeka ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-fetus.
Kusuka kumhla wesi-7 kuya ku-14 kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, omama abazayo kufanele baqaphele ikakhulukazi - lesi yisikhathi sokuqala esibucayi sokukhulelwa: umzuzu wokufakelwa kombungu odongeni lwesibeletho. I-embryo kungenzeka ingasetshenziselwa izizathu eziningi, phakathi kwazo:
- ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa;
- umsebenzi omzimba ojulile;
- umthelela womshini;
- ukufakwa kwe-vascular deep;
- i-pathology yesakhiwo kanye nezwi lesikhumba.
Uma kwenzeka ukufakelwa okuphumelelayo, umbungu uhlelwe odongeni lwe-uterine eduze kwezitsha zomhlaba, okuzohlinzeka ngokudla nokuthuthukiswa.
Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-13 kuya kwezingu-18 umntwana uhlotshaniswa nodonga oluyinkimbinkimbi yesisu, futhi uxhumane eduze ne-myometrium. Kulesi simo, imvilophu ye-embryo idala i-chorionic villi, ezoba isisekelo seqanda lesisu, i-chorion ne-future umbilical cord. Kulo mzuzu, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okusebenzayo kuqala, ukwakheka kohlelo lokujikeleza lokuqala, i-amniotic fluid yenziwa.
Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-18-21, lapho inhliziyo ye-embryo iqala ukushaya, thola ukuthi ingane ezayo izoba khona nge-ultrasound. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuthola ukukhulelwa okufriziwe, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa kombungu futhi kuhlangene nokungabikho kwezinhlangothi zomzimba.
Inyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa isiphelile (izinyanga namasonto ezinqamukeni zibalwa kusukela ekupheleni kokuya esikhathini, kanye nezinsuku zokukhulelwa).
Iqala amasonto ama-5-8, ngenyanga yesibili yokukhulelwa. Kubuye kubhekwe njengokubalulekile, njengoba zonke izitho nezinhlelo zibekwe phansi. Kule nkathi enye yezingxenye ezisemqoka zesikhashana zakhiwe - intambo yomzimba, ehlanganisa i-plexus ye-arteries kanye nemithanjeni, futhi inikeza ukudla okunomsoco nezinqubo ze-embryo, kanti i- placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa , okwenza isonto elizayo, liphazamise igazi lomama nengane, futhi umsebenzi we-hematopoietic.
Ngosuku lwama-20-22 kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwakheka kwezingcingo zobuchopho nomgogodla, umathumbu, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezine izici zemizwa zakhiwe-amehlo, izindlebe, impumu, umlomo, umsila ubonakala ngokucacile. Kusukela ngenyanga yesibili yentuthuko, umbungu usuvele ubizwa ngokuthi i-fetus. Kule nkathi, i-CTE (usayizi we-coccygeal parietal) we-embryo ngu-5-8 mm. Inhloko itholakala engxenyeni efanele kwesigxathu, izitho zikhula, inhliziyo yenziwa.
Ngeviki lesi-6, i-CTE ye-embryo ikhuphuka ibe yi-15 mm, umsila ugoba esiqwini. Kusukela kumaviki angu-7-8 - amazinyo, idivaysi ye-musculoskeletal embryo yenziwa. Amangqamuzana ayashintsha, alula kakhulu,
I-embryo ithola ubuso bomuntu, umsila uyanyamalala, kwakha izitho. Bese kulandela esinye isikhathi esibucayi, ngoba zonke izitho ezisanda kusungulwa zisengozini kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izinto ezinobuthi. Kodwa ingane engasayibizwa ngokuthi i-embryo. Ngakho-ke, sichaze ukuthuthukiswa kombungu ngokugcwele.