Isitayela sesimanje (ekuhunyushweni - sesimanjemanje) saqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye leminyaka eYurophu. Weza ukubuyisela isitayela se-eclecticism, eyayihlanganisa ukuphindaphinda kwezitayela ezahlukene ezehlukene. Isici esiyinhloko sesimanjemanje kwakuwukuthi sasisekelwe kumasu amasha omdwebo futhi akukashiwo izitayela zangaphambilini. Izici eziyinhloko zesitayela se-Art Nouveau zifana ne-asymmetry, imihlobiso yezobuciko, i-curvilinearity kanye nezingxabano ezingalingani. Izakhi zesitayela se-Art Nouveau ziye zathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabakhi bezakhiwo, abadwebi nabadwebi bekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Unyaka ophawulekayo emlandweni wesitayela sesimanje ngu-1900. Embukisweni Wezwe ngo-1900 eParis, isitayela se-Art Nouveau sathola udumo lomhlaba.
Imfashini yesitayela se-Art Nouveau ibuyele ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Abaculi abaningi banikela izakhi ezintsha zobuciko emisebenzini yabo.
I-Art Nouveau ekuklanyeni
Izakhiwo eziningi zekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ezakhiwe ngesitayela se-Art Nouveau, manje sezibhekwa njengezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo. Izindlu ezitayela ze-Art Nouveau zihlangene ubuhle bemvelo nemisebenzi. Ukungabi khona kwezingalo ezifanele, ukusebenzisa ingilazi nesensimbi, imigqa egobile nebushelelezi yizici eziyinhloko zesitayela sesimanje esakhiweni. Umklami wokuqala, odumile, owadala kule sitayela wayengummeleli waseBelgium Victor Orta. Imiklamo yakhe yayinezinhlobo ezingalingani, eziningi ezibonakala sengathi zithandekayo. Njengoba izakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo, isakhi esakhiwe ngensimbi, ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi nokungaphakathi - izici zezingilazi. Isici ngasinye esakhiweni siyavumelana ngokubambisana. EFrance, umtholi wesitayela se-Art Nouveau ekwakhiweni kwakunguHector Gimar. Lo mdwebi wakhele iziteshi zanamuhla zesitimela eParis esitayela se-Art Nouveau.
Isitayela samanje ezembatho
Imfashini yezingubo ngesitayela se-Art Nouveau ibonakala ngasekupheleni kweleshumi nesishiyagalolunye -khulu leminyaka. Izigqoko kulesi sitayela zazikhethwa ngabesifazane cishe cishe wonke umkhakha wezenhlalakahle. Izembatho ezenziwe ngesitayela se-Art Nouveau kuqala zigcizelela isiqhwa esincane. Ngosizo lwebhande, lo wesifazane wayehlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezimbili. Engxenyeni engenhla - ngokuvula kancane esifubeni, ngezansi - nge skirt eside endizayo. Abaqambi balezo zikhathi bazama ukugqoka ingubo yesifazane isithombe sevemvane elula noma imbali. Iziketi zezingubo zazihlotshiswe ngomdwebo, applique, embroidery kanye nezinye umhlobiso. Amaphethini amancane afakwa ezembatho njenge-asymmetrically. Amaphethini athandwa kakhulu emigqokweni yesitayela se-Art Nouveau yizitshalo ezinezimbali, ama-algae, izimbali namaqabunga.
Indima ebalulekile idlalwe ngamakhiwe - izingubo zesitayela se-Art Nouveau zenziwe ngezindwangu zokugqoka, ezihlobisa amatshe nobuhlalu. Izembatho zazihlanganiswa nemihlobiso ngesitayela samanje - namasongo amakhulu namacici, kanye nezigqoko ezinkulu.
I-Art Nouveau ku-Art
Isitayela se-Art Nouveau sesisakazeke emidwebeni, ngokudweba kanye nobuciko nobuciko. Umsebenzi owuthandwa kakhulu wabaculi be-Art Nouveau uthathwa njengama-panels, abadwebi bemifanekiso - imifanekiso yokukhulula. Ama-silhouettes, izimbali, imihlobiso ehlobisa, ukuchithwa okugelezayo yizinto eziyinhloko ze-Art Nouveau kwezobuciko. Ukuqashelwa komhlaba kwamukelwa abaculi abaningi abasebenza ngale ndlela - uGauguin, Klimt, Munch, Vrubel nabanye.
Isitayela sase-Northern Art Nouveau
Isitayela saseNorthern Art Nouveau siyindlela ehlukile yokwakhiwa kwesimanjemanje, eyayigxila eSt. Petersburg, Stockholm, eRiga naseHelsinki ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Isici esiyinhloko salesi sitayela sikhethwe ngokuvumelana ngokuhambisana nokusebenza kwempahla yokugcina. I-Granite, isitini, i-plaster eqoshiwe ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso ye-flora emazweni asenyakatho.