Esikhathini esingaphansi kwendawo ye-gland yegciwane itholakala ngezibili ezine izitho ezincane ze-endocrine. Baveza ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwesistimu ye-musculoskeletal, ukuxhuma. I-gland ngayinye ephikisanayo ikhiqiza inani elidingekile le-parathyroid (i-hormone ye-parathyroid, i-calcitrin) noma i-hormone e-parathyroid, kanye ne-calcitonin, ngenxa yemitholampilo etholakalayo.
Kungani sidinga ama-hormone ama-parathyroid?
Imisebenzi yomzimba echazwe yilona ukulawulwa kwe-phosphorus ne-calcium metabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Uma ukuhlushwa kwalezi zakhi egazini kwehla, lokhu kuyisimo se-specialist receptors ekhethekile. Babonisa isidingo sokuqalisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ye-parathyroid ne-calcitonin. Kanti lezi zinto zikhuthaza ama-osteoclasts, okwenza ukuba ukwandiswe kwe-calcium kusuka emathanjeni amathambo abe ngegazi.
Ngakho-ke, ama-hormone ayadingeka ukuze alungise futhi alondoloze isimo esivamile esimweni se-nervous and motor emzimbeni.
Izifo ngenxa yokungasebenzi komzimba we-parathyroid
Ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kwe-calcitonin ne-parathyroidin, okokuqala, kuthinta kabi isistimu yethambo:
- ukuhlukunyezwa okuphindaphindiwe;
- ukwakheka kwe-cyst;
- ukubonakala kwezingubo ezibuhlungu ezimbi;
- ukunciphisa, amathambo aphikisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi kudala ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinjalo:
- nephrolithiasis;
- urolithiasis;
- i-hypercalcemia;
- isifo sokugaya;
- i-nephrocalcinosis;
- i-psychosis;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- i-polyuria;
- i-osteodystrophy ye-parathyroid;
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukukhathala okungapheli ;
- ukoma okwandayo.
Izinkinga ezibalwe zivame ukuvela ngokumelene nesizinda se-hyperplasia yezinhlayiya ze-parathyroid - ukwanda kobukhulu bezitho, ukukhula, kodwa ezinye izifo zingabangela izifo:
- i-adenoma;
- isisu esinonya;
- ukuwohloka kokuvuthwa kwe-vitamin D ekudambiseni umzimba;
- ukwehluleka kwezintuthwane ezingapheli;
- ukwelashwa isikhathi eside nge-anticonvulsants;
- izifo ezingapheli zesigubhu esisemathunjini.
Iziphi izifo ezenzeka ngenxa ye-hypothyroidism ye-parathyroid?
Ukuntuleka kwe-calcitrin ne-calcitonin akuvamile. Ngenxa yalokhu, egazini kukhona ukwehla kwe-calcium yokuhlushwa okwenyuka ngesikhathi esisodwa kwenani le-phosphorus.
Empeleni, ukukhubazeka akubangeli isifo, kodwa kuhambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- izikhukhula ;
- i-dermatitis;
- ukoma okukhulu kesikhumba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha yezandla nezinyawo;
- ukuhlasela okuxubile;
- ukungenwa kweminwe nemikhawulo;
- ukwehlukana kwamazinyo;
- iziphambano zemisipha yobuso;
- ukubhala, ukuhlenga izinzipho.
Umsebenzi ongenamkhawulo wezinhlayiya ze-parathyroid uqala ngenxa yokugula okubelethwe kwalezi zitho zangasese noma ukungahlali kwazo ngokuphelele. Futhi, inkinga echazwe ingenxa yomonakalo noma ukususwa kwezingqimba ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
I-Ultrasound yezingqungquthela ezibuhlungu kanye nezinye izindlela zokuxilongwa
Ukunquma umsebenzi nokusebenza kwezitho
- okuqukethwe kwe-calcium evamile ne-ionized;
- ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone ephathekayo;
- izinga le-osteocalcin.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukuhlola inani le-calcium elixutshwe emzimbeni, okudingeka ukuthi udlule umchamo.
I-Ultrasound yindlela yokuxilonga kakhulu kunazo zonke, kanye nokufaneka kwe-magnontic resonance, isifundo sivumela ukuthi sithole ngokunembile ukuphambana okugcizekayo okuvela kumkhuba, ukutholakala kwezicubu kwanoma imuphi uhlobo.