Namuhla ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neziphakamiso eziningi ezivela ezinkampanini ezahlukene ukukhiqizwa kwamafresksi edijithali, ukuphahlazeka okuguquguqukayo, njll Masifunde ukuthi i-fresco iyini.
Igama elithi "fresco" ngesiNtaliyane lisho ukuthi "ukudweba ku-plaster yamanzi". Lena inqubo yasendulo yomdwebo odongeni, lapho amapende asetshenziselwa ukukhonsa okumanzi. Futhi i-plaster noma i-gesso, njengoba ibizwa ngabachwepheshe, akufani neze nomhlobiso ovamile wezindonga. Ukwenza i-fresco ingxube yesihlabathi ne-hydrated lime isetshenziswa. Njengoba amapende asebenzisa izinhlamba zemvelo, zihlanjululwa ngamanzi.
I-Technique ye-fresco
Amapayipi asetshenziselwa i-lime elimanzi, elomile nalo, ahlanganiswe nefilimu encane ebonakala i-calcium encane, evikela unomphela umdwebo e- fresco . Kodwa uma amapayipi asetshenziselwa ukugqoka i-lime yokugqoka, ifilimu enamandla kangaka ngeke isebenze, futhi amapende angase aphume.
Umculi, osebenza ngendlela ye-fresco, kufanele abe yinkosi yangempela yobuciko bakhe, ngoba awukwazi ukulungisa kabusha noma ukuqedela umdwebo. Kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulungisa isahluko se-fresco omisiwe, isendlalelo se-lime ilahlekile ngokuphelele, entsha isetshenziswa futhi inqubo iphindwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwakha i-fresco, isendlalelo se-lime esinyameni isetshenziswa ngaphezu kwendawo encane: ncamashi ukuze isisindo samanzi asinaso isikhathi sokuma, futhi inkosi ikwazi ukusebenzisa iphethini ngelanga elilodwa.
Iyini i-fresco emlandweni?
Inqubo ye-fresco ihambelana nezikhumbuzo eziningi zomdwebo omkhulu. Kwavela ezikhathini zasendulo. Abanikazi bezindlu zakubo bahlobisa izindonga ngemidwebo nemidwebo. Namuhla isitayela sePompeian sokudweba i-fresco, esasuka ezikhathini zasendulo, saziwa. Inqubo ephakeme kakhulu ye-fresco yayiyi-Renaissance, lapho ukuhlobisa izindonga ngefrescoes kwaba imfashini kakhulu, ingaphakathi langaphakathi lendawo laba likhulu kakhulu futhi lihle kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu. Ekamelweni lokulala elidumile egodlweni likaDuke waseMantua, uLouis Gonzaga, izindonga zihlotshiswe ngamafrescoes empilweni yabanikazi bendlu. Amakhosi amakhulu ase-Italy ngaleso sikhathi - uRafael, Michelangelo, Masaccio kanye nabanye - wadala amafresco ayingqayizivele asele kuze kube yilolu suku.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha, ingcebo nokunethezeka kwezigodlo zezikhulu zazuzwa ngenxa yokudweba kwe-fresco.
Izibonelo ezikhanyayo zezingqungquthela zakudala zaseRussia zisendongeni yaseSvetogorsk Monastery, eseduze nePhkov, ne-Monastery yaseFerapontov eduze kwedolobha laseKirillov.
Namuhla ungasithanda isibonelo somdwebo we-fresco waseByzantine ohlobisa izindonga esontweni laseSanta Maria eRoma.
Ubuciko bokudweba odongeni buye lwaba ngcono futhi buye lwafika ezinsukwini zethu. Kukhona izinhlobo ezintsha zamapende, izindlela zokudlulisa imidwebo odongeni zishintshiwe. Namuhla, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola zonke izinto zokwakha ezasetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule. Isibonelo, i-lime ekhethekile ye-fresco kufanele iqedwe amashumi eminyaka. Ngakho manje i-fresco iyisithombe esodongeni ngosizo lwamapulangwe e-acrylic noma ukunyathelisa kwedijithali yanamuhla.
Ukuhlobisa indlu yangaphakathi yanamuhla, abaklami abaningi basebenzisa amafrescoes ukwakha isakhiwo sokuqala sendlu yezwe , ifulethini lomuzi noma ezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi. Unkosikazi onolwazi, usebenzisa imibala yanamuhla nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kuwo, angakha ubuciko obuhle, umsebenzi wobuciko obhaliwe. Izindleko zomsebenzi onjalo, yebo, zizophakama.
Uma ungakakulungeli izindleko ezinjalo, futhi uhlobisa igumbi elingavamile namanje ufuna, sebenzisa uhlobo lwanamuhla lomhlobiso odongeni - ama-frescoes adijithali noma aphrintiwe. Isithombe esinjalo singaba sikhulu, ngokwebukhulu besodonga. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-fresco iqukethe izingcezu ezincane, ezisezindaweni ezahlukene zendlu eyodwa.
I-Fresco, njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa udonga, iyakwazi ukwakha ingaphakathi elithile eliyingqayizivele kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
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