Ukuxilongwa okubi "kokungazalwa" kwemisindo eminingi efana nesinqumo sokugcina. Ngenhlanhla namuhla, imithi ayimi, ihlinzeka ngemibhangqwana engakwazi ukukhulelwa ingane ngokwemvelo, ukusabalalisa okufakelwayo. Izingane "ezisuka ku-tube tube" - lokhu kuyinto evamile kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Imvelo engalungile, izifo, indlela yokuphila, imisebenzi yokufakelwa kabusha - konke lokhu kungesizathu sokuthi cishe ingxenye yeshumi yabantu besemhlabeni ayikwazi ukukhulelwa ingane eyedwa.
Umanyolo "in vitro"
I-in vitro fertilization noma igama elijwayelekile, elifingqiwe elithi ECO ngokwezwi nezwi lizwakala sengathi "ukukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba womuntu." Lona konke okusemqoka kwendlela. Phakathi ne-IVF, iqanda likhishwa emzimbeni wesifazane osebenzisa inaliti encane. Ungesabi le nqubo - inqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa nje futhi idlule ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spermatozoa esebenzayo yesikhathi esizayo ubaba isetshenziselwa i-ovum, futhi umbungu otholiwe ngale ndlela ukhulile ku-incubator kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-5. Esikhathini esilandelayo, iqanda elifakwe umquba lifakwa esibelethweni somama olindele. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwengane esebenzisa i-IVF kusetshenziselwa, kokubili esimweni sokungabi namuntu wesilisa nowesifazane.
Izingane emva kwe-IVF
Ngokokuqala ngqa, indlela yokuqothulwa kwamagciwane asetshenziswa eGreat Britain ngo-1978. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izinkulungwane zezingane ezinempilo futhi enempilo enhle "ezivela ku-tube test" zivele ekukhanyeni - izinkulungwane zabesifazane zathola injabulo yobubele, izinkulungwane zemindeni zilindele ukuba umntwana avele.
Emgwaqweni ozwakalayo, kuye kwaba namahemuhemu amaningi namanga. Abanye bazibuza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezingane ezizalwa emva kwe-IVF, abanye bathi izingane "ezivela ku-tube tube" zibhekene nezifo zofuzo futhi, njengoba nje, zilalele ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kontanga yabo. Lo mbono awunawo isizathu nganoma yisiphi isizathu, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezikhulelwe i-IVF kufana nalokho kwalabo abazalwa ngokwemvelo. Into kuphela izingane ezizalwa emva kwe-IVF zingase zihluke kwabanye kubheka ukunakekelwa kabili nokunakekelwa okwandisiwe, okuzungezwe abazali bomntwana "kusukela ku-tube test".
Ngokuphathelene nezifo zofuzo, konke kuxhomeke ngokuphelele "emithonjeni yemithombo", okungukuthi, umama nobaba. Ukwehliswa kwengqondo kungase kutholakale kwezinye izimo ngisho nokusiza ukukhipha ithuba lokudluliselwa kwengculaza kwengane. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kunezifo ezithathelwanayo ezidluliselwa kuphela emgqeni wesilisa. Kulokhu, nge-IVF, kungenzeka ukuba uhlele ucansi lomntwana ongakazalwa. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukukhetha kocansi kwengane ene-IVF kuyinkinga yokuphoqelela, esetshenziselwa izizathu zezokwelapha kuphela.
Ukumangalisa "kusuka ku-tube test"
Ngokuvamile, ngokuqothulwa kokufakelwa, abazali abajabulayo abatholi ingane eyodwa, kodwa ngokushesha amawele, ama-triple noma ngisho nama-quadruplets. Kukhona lokhu ngezizathu eziningana, okunye okungukuthi ukuvuselela ama-ovarie, okuqhutshwa ngaphambi kwe-IVF.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa, amaqanda amaningana afakwa esibelethweni. Yiqiniso, inani lemibungu esetshenzisiwe lixoxwa nabazali besikhathi esizayo, futhi lapho kuqala ukukhulelwa, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingane engenakuthandwa. Kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo enjalo, odokotela banesibopho sokuxwayisa owesifazane ukuthi ukunciphisa kungabangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu, ngakho-ke kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
Kuqinisekile ukuthi i-ECO ayithinti impilo yezingane nganoma iyiphi indlela. Izingane "ezivela ku-tube tube" njengezinye zikhula, zithuthukisa futhi zingazala izingane zabo ngokwemvelo. Konke lokhu kubonisa okuhlangenwe nakho kukaLouise Brown - ingane yokuqala "kusukela ebhodini lokuhlola", esele seliba ngumama ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha.