I-Stonehenge eyinkimbinkimbi yamatshe yayiyibufakazi bokuqala bokuthi asikho yedwa endaweni yonke!
Umuntu ongavamile ubheka i-Stonehenge ukuba imanegalist, isikhumbuzo sesikhathi esidala. Abantu abaningi bangathanda ukuxazulula imfumbe yakhe, ngakho-ke imibono engcolile kakhulu mayelana nemvelaphi yezakhiwo zamatshe ivela njalo emaphephandabeni: kubhekwa njengenye yezikhumbuzo zentuthuko yasendulo, kubhekwa njengengxenye yamanye amazwe asetshenziswa onkulunkulu basendulo ukuvakashela umhlaba. Ucwaningo lwezesayensi lwaluqede ukuthuthukiswa kwezingcingo zezingxabano ezingaziwa: kwavela ukuthi i-Stonehenge yayiyibalazwe elungile lombuso welanga, kwaze kube yilapho kwenzeka inhlekelele eyingozi ...
Amaqiniso anesithakazelo nge-Stonehenge, okwenza ucabange
I-Stonehenge itholakala esifundeni saseWiltshire esifundeni eseningizimu ye-continental e-England. Igama elithi Stanhengues noma uStanhang wathola ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Izakhamuzi zalezi zindawo zithi lezi zinkimbinkimbi zakhiwa yi-Druids, ngoba ulimi lwaseCeltic lihunyushwa ngokuthi "amatshe alenga". Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka lama-20 kwakunembile ngokomlando ukucubungula izinsuku zokwakhiwa kwayo emakhulwini eminyaka amatshe namathusi.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ngenxa yendlela yokwakha i-radiocarbon, kwakungenzeka ukuvula indlela yeqiniso kanye nosuku oluqondile lokudalwa kwalesi sikhumbuzo esimangalisayo sokwakha. Kwakukhona ukuthi kwakhiwe ngezigaba ezintathu eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-1500 - imininingwane yokuklama yodwa yenziwa ngezizwe nezinhlanga zama-eras ahlukahlukene, mhlawumbe nezinkolelo. Esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa, umgogodla omkhulu kanye namagundane asetshiwe. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga ngaphansi kwazo, kwatholakala inqwaba yamapulanka enyamazane, okwathi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwehlisa amandla emimoya emibi. Abantu abahlala esigabeni sesibili sokwakhiwa kwagcwalisa umkhumbi futhi bakhela i-avenue phakathi kweTelstone kanye nomnyango. Bafaka izindandatho ezimbili ezinkulu zamatshe angama-80 nge-bluish tinge engavamile. Abahlanganyeli esigabeni sesithathu sokwakhiwa kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Stonehenge, bashintsha amatshe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-collonade kanye nama-tripits angu-30 (izakhiwo zamatshe amathathu).
Akudingekile ukungabaza imiphumela yocwaningo: baye bahlolisiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Amatshe okwakhiwa awenziwe esuka eNingizimu Wales, isisindo sabo esivumelwaneni singamathani ayi-1500. Ngalezo zinsuku, ezakhiwe yi-Stonehenge, kwakungekho ubuchwepheshe obukwazi ukuhambisa amabhlogo anzima kangaka. Ngakho-ke, kunezimpikiswano ezimbili eziyinhloko zesenzakalo esingaphezu kwendalo sika-Stonehenge: owokuqala kubo uthi onkulunkulu bawubumba abantu njengethuneni lenkosikazi yamaqaba uBaadicea futhi njengengosi yokuhamba eMhlabeni. Ithiyori yesibili ibonisa ukuthi iWizard eyaziwa kakhulu uMellin ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-Stonehenge yabonisa abaseBrithani basendulo ukuthi uhlangene namabutho amnyama futhi akuyona i-charlatan.
Ngokubanzi kolwazi lomuntu e-astronomy ne-cosmology, ngokuvamile abantu babecabanga ukuthi i-Stonehenge yakhiwe njengemephu yamaplanethi noma i-giant observatory. Ososayensi bekhulu le-18 babecabanga ukuthi kwakuyi-British observation post, evumela ukutadisha isibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi nokubikezela ezinye izenzakalo ze-cosmic. Ngo-1995, basekelwa yi-astronomer waseBrithani uDuncan Steele, owafakazela umbono wesayensi wokuthi ngosizo lwe-Stonehenge Britons wakwazi ukubikezela ukuhamba komhlaba ngomsila we-comet, ngaphandle kokusebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izici ezifundwayo zakhiwa zamatshe zaqinisekisa ukuthi abadali balo babejwayele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubude bonyaka welanga kanye nomjikelezo we-Moon.
UMarkhenge ukhuluma kanjani ngemfihlakalo yeeplanethi ezingu-12 zesimiso sobusuku?
Ngenxa yokuthi udumo lomlando wangempela wezinsuku zakudala maduze luzolandela indlela ye-radiocarbon, hhayi nje ukutholakala kokwakhiwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo se-Stonehenge. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokucwaninga yindlela yokwenza ikhompiyutha ye-original uhlobo lomlando wento okubhujiswa yisikhathi, abantu noma izenzakalo zemvelo. Ngo-2014, eNgilandi, kwakukhona nesomiso okungakaze kube khona kulezi zindawo, ngesikhathi lapho imibuthano emhlabathini ikhanya khona endaweni yangaphambili yamatshe alahlekile we-Stonehenge. Amabhuloki amakhulu amatshe agcizelela kakhulu inhlabathi ukuthi ukuphuma kwamanzi kokuqala kwenhlabathi kwaholela ekutholakaleni kwamathrekhi abo.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kwakhiwa kabusha i-computer ye-Stonehenge njengoba yaqala ukukhulelwa. Kwakukhona ukuthi ngaphezu kwekhalenda yenyanga neyelanga, uphendule ngokuqondile imodeli yesistimu yelanga elingaphakathi kwesigaba. Ngaphandle kokungabaza okuncane, ososayensi bahlaziya imfihlakalo yamaplanethi "omakhelwane" womhlaba, okwakungeyona 9 kodwa 12! Kwacaca ukuthi ezimbili zazo zitholakala ngemuva komjikelezo wePluto, kanti okwesithathu kwakuphakathi kukaMarse noJupiter. Esikhundleni salo, ososayensi banamuhla babona ibhande le-asteroid ne-nebula, okungenakwenzeka ukuphenya. Kucacile kuphela ukuthi ama-asteroids yizingxenye zePlanethi iplanethi. Lokhu kutholakala, njengokwakheka kwasekuqaleni kuka-Stonehenge, kufakazela ngokugcwele ukuthi inqubo yesimanje yayingamaplanethi angu-12 ngaphambili.
I-International Astronomical Union isivele ithumele isiphakamiso ngokuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwesistimu yelanga ye-planetary 12. Kuze kube manje, akusikho okuqinisekile ukuthi kwenzekani kuPeton nakwezinye amaplanethi amabili alalayo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uPeton wabhekana nokuqhuma okwenziwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi imiphakathi yasemaphandleni, lapho "ishukumisela" kwenye iplanethi, ifihla imidwebo yobuchwepheshe bayo ukuze abantu bangafundi izimfihlo zabo? Umbuzo uhlala uvulekile ...